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upper limb muscles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of large superficial muscles in the anterior and lateral shoulder region?

A

Deltoid and pectoralis major.

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2
Q

What is the trapezius muscle?

A

A large, superficial muscle in the posterior neck and back.

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3
Q

What actions are performed by the upper fibers of the trapezius?

A

Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula.

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4
Q

What actions are performed by the lower fibers of the trapezius?

A

Depression of the scapula.

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5
Q

What actions are performed by the medial fibers of the trapezius?

A

Retraction, pulling the scapula towards the midline of the back.

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6
Q

What is the primary purpose of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A

To stabilize the scapula against the thorax.

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7
Q

What does stabilizing the scapula allow for?

A

It allows the scapula to act as a steady anchor for the muscles that move the shoulder.

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8
Q

How does movement of the scapula contribute to the overall range of motion of the shoulder?

A

Movement of the scapula (and clavicle) tends to follow that of the humerus, increasing the overall range of motion of the shoulder.

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9
Q

What do all the muscles that move the pectoral girdle have attachments on, and what is their primary function?

A

All of these muscles have attachments on the scapula and axial skeleton and act to move and stabilize the scapula during movements of the upper limb.

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10
Q

What is highlighted about the function of the pectoral girdle muscles?

A

None of these muscles move the shoulder because they do not cross the shoulder joint.

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11
Q

what is scapulo-humeral rhythm?

A

A phenomenon: Movement of the scapula is important in increasing the overall effective range of motion of the shoulder.

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12
Q

provide an example of scapular movement and its significance.

A

the scapula undergoes upward rotation when the shoulder is abducted to allow for a greater and effective range of motion.

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13
Q

origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor:

A

O: Anterior ends of the ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process

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14
Q

actions of the pectoralis minor:

A

A:
Protracts scapula
Downward rotates scapula
Elevates ribs (forced inspiration)

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15
Q

nerve innervation of pectoralis minor:

A

I: Medial pectoral nerve

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16
Q

What happens if the ribs are stationary and the pectoralis minor contracts?

A

Contractions of the pectoralis minor cause protraction and downward rotation of the scapula.

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17
Q

Origin and insertion of Serratus anterior:

A

O: Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
I: Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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18
Q

actions of the serratus anterior:

A

A:
Protracts scapula
Upward rotates scapula
Elevates ribs (forced inspiration

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19
Q

What muscle is attached to ribs 1-8 and the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula, deep to the pectoralis major?

A

Serratus anterior.

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20
Q

What happens if the ribs are held stationary and the serratus anterior contracts?

A

Contractions of the serratus anterior cause protraction and upward rotation of the scapula.

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21
Q

What happens if the scapula is held stationary and the serratus anterior contracts?

A

Contractions cause elevation of the ribs during forced inspiration.

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22
Q

Why is the serratus anterior clinically important?

A

The serratus anterior is important because it prevents the medial border of the scapula from flaring out, a condition known as scapular winging.

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23
Q

origin and insertion of the trapezius

A

O: Superior nuchal lines and the spinous processes of C2-T12
I: Acromial end of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula

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24
Q

actions of the trapezius

A

A:
Superior: Elevates scapula, upward rotates scapula
Middle: Retracts scapula
Inferior: Depresses scapula, upward rotates scapula

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25
nerve innervations of the trapezius
I: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
26
origin and insertion of the levator scapulae
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 I: Superior portion of the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
27
actions of the levator scapulae
A: Elevates scapula Downward rotates scapula Remember: its actions are similar to an elevator which sounds similar to levator.
28
nerve innervation of the levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
29
what muscles sits deep to the trapezius?
levator scapulae
30
origin and insertion of the Rhomboid minor and Rhomboid major
O: Spinous processes of C7-T1 (minor) and T2-T5 (major) I: Inferior portion of the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
31
actions of the Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major
A: Elevates scapula Retracts scapula Downward rotates scapula
32
nerve innervation of the
I: Dorsal scapular nerve
33
Why are the muscles that cross the shoulder joint extremely important?
Due to the inherent instability of the shoulder joint, these muscles are crucial for its stability.
34
What are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis. Remember: SITS
35
origin and insertion of the deltoid
O: Anterior: Acromial end of the clavicle Lateral: Acromion process Posterior: Spine of the scapula I: Deltoid tuberosity
36
actions of the deltoid
A: Anterior: Flexes shoulder, medially rotates shoulder Lateral: Abducts shoulder Posterior: Extends shoulder, laterally rotates shoulder
37
nerve innervation of the deloit
axillary nerve
38
Name refers to having a triangular shape, is a large superficial muscle in the shoulder region.
The deltoid
39
origin and insertion of the pectoralis major:
O: Clavicular: Sternal end of the clavicle Sternocostal: Anterior surface of the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 I: Lateral edge of the intertubercular sulcus
40
actions of the pectoralis major:
A: Clavicular: Flexes shoulder Sternocostal: Extends shoulder (when flexed) Both: Adducts shoulder, medially rotates shoulder
41
nerve innervation of the pectoralis major:
I: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
42
origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi:
O: Spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest and inferior 3-4 ribs (via the thoracolumbar fascia) I: Intertubercular sulcus
43
nerve innervation of the latissimus dorsi
I: Thoracodorsal nerve
44
a large superficial muscle that covers much of the lower half of the back.
latissimus dorsi?
45
Where are the medial attachments of the latissimus dorsi?
The medial attachments are on the spinous processes of T7-L5, the iliac crest, and the inferior ribs via the thoracolumbar fascia.
46
Where is the lateral attachment of the latissimus dorsi?
The lateral attachment is on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, next to the attachment of the pectoralis major.
47
How does the latissimus dorsi pass through the armpit area?
The muscle passes through the armpit area, medial to the humerus, as its fibers head toward the intertubercular sulcus.
48
origin and insertion of the teres major:
O: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula I: Medial edge of the intertubercular sulcus
49
actions of the teres major:
A: Extends shoulder Adducts shoulder Medially rotates shoulder
50
nerve innervation of the teres major:
I: Lower subscapular nerve
51
the two main adductors of the shoulder joint.
Pec major and teres major
52
what are the 3 muscles that attach onto the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major remember: “Lady between two majors”
53
origin and insertion of the infraspinatus:
O: Infraspinous fossa I: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle remember: sIts
54
actions of the infraspinatus:
A: Laterally rotates shoulder
55
nerve innervation of the infraspinatus:
I: Suprascapular nerve
56
origin and insertion of the supraspinatus:
O: Supraspinous fossa I: Superior surface of the greater tubercle remember: Sits
57
actions of the supraspinatus:
A: Abducts shoulder
58
nerve innervation of the suprspinatus:
I: Suprascapular nerve
59
origin an insertion of the teres minor:
O: Lateral border of the scapula I: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle remember: SiTs
60
actions of the teres minor:
A: Laterally rotates shoulder
61
nerve innervation of the teres minor:
I: Axillary nerve
62
origin and insertion of the subscapularis:
O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle remember: sitS
63
action of the subscapularis:
A: Medially rotates shoulder
64
nerve innervation of the subscapularis
I: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
65
What does the acronym "SITS" stand for in relation to the rotator cuff muscles?
"SITS" stands for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
66
What clinical condition can develop if there is inflammation in the space inferior to the acromion process and subacromial bursa, through which the supraspinatus travels?
Answer: Impingement syndrome.
67
general rule: what actions and innervation are associated with the anterior arm?
Shoulder flexion and/or Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous nerve
68
General rule: what actions and innervation are associated with the posterior arm?
Shoulder extension and/or Elbow extension Radial nerve
69
origin and insertion of the of the biceps brachii
O: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle Short head: Coracoid process I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
70
actions of the biceps brachii
A: Flexes shoulder Flexes elbow Supinates forearm
71
nerve innervation of the biceps brachii
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
72
What is the name of the superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm that has two heads?
Biceps brachii.
73
What are the two heads of the biceps brachii muscle?
The long head and the short head.
74
Where is the proximal attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii?
The proximal attachment of the long head is on the supraglenoid tubercle.
75
Where is the proximal attachment of the short head of the biceps brachii?
The proximal attachment of the short head is on the coracoid process.
76
What is the distal attachment of both heads of the biceps brachii?
The radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.
77
origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process I: Medial surface of the body of the humerus
78
actions of the coracobrachialis
A: Flexes shoulder Adducts shoulder
79
nerve innervation of the coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
80
origin and insertion of the brachialis
O: Anterior surface of the body of the humerus I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
81
actions of the brachialis
Flexes elbow
82
nerve innervation of the brachialis
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
83
origin and insertion of the triceps brachii
O: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle Lateral head: Proximal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus Medial head: Distal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus I: Olecranon process
84
actions of the brachialis
A: Flexes elbow
85
nerve innervation of the brachialis
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
86
origin and insertion of the triceps brachii
O: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle Lateral head: Proximal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus Medial head: Distal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus I: Olecranon process
87
origin and insertion of the biceps brachii
O: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle Short head: Coracoid process I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
88
origin and insertion of the anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle I: Olecranon process and the proximal portion of the posterior ulna
89
actions of the anconeus
extends elbow
90
nerve innervation of the anconeus
radial nerve
91

Anatomy (34 decks)

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