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Anatomy > upper limb muscles 1 > Flashcards

upper limb muscles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of large superficial muscles in the anterior and lateral shoulder region?

A

Deltoid and pectoralis major.

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2
Q

What is the trapezius muscle?

A

A large, superficial muscle in the posterior neck and back.

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3
Q

What actions are performed by the upper fibers of the trapezius?

A

Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula.

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4
Q

What actions are performed by the lower fibers of the trapezius?

A

Depression of the scapula.

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5
Q

What actions are performed by the medial fibers of the trapezius?

A

Retraction, pulling the scapula towards the midline of the back.

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6
Q

What is the primary purpose of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

A

To stabilize the scapula against the thorax.

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7
Q

What does stabilizing the scapula allow for?

A

It allows the scapula to act as a steady anchor for the muscles that move the shoulder.

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8
Q

How does movement of the scapula contribute to the overall range of motion of the shoulder?

A

Movement of the scapula (and clavicle) tends to follow that of the humerus, increasing the overall range of motion of the shoulder.

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9
Q

What do all the muscles that move the pectoral girdle have attachments on, and what is their primary function?

A

All of these muscles have attachments on the scapula and axial skeleton and act to move and stabilize the scapula during movements of the upper limb.

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10
Q

What is highlighted about the function of the pectoral girdle muscles?

A

None of these muscles move the shoulder because they do not cross the shoulder joint.

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11
Q

what is scapulo-humeral rhythm?

A

A phenomenon: Movement of the scapula is important in increasing the overall effective range of motion of the shoulder.

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12
Q

provide an example of scapular movement and its significance.

A

the scapula undergoes upward rotation when the shoulder is abducted to allow for a greater and effective range of motion.

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13
Q

origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor:

A

O: Anterior ends of the ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process

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14
Q

actions of the pectoralis minor:

A

A:
Protracts scapula
Downward rotates scapula
Elevates ribs (forced inspiration)

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15
Q

nerve innervation of pectoralis minor:

A

I: Medial pectoral nerve

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16
Q

What happens if the ribs are stationary and the pectoralis minor contracts?

A

Contractions of the pectoralis minor cause protraction and downward rotation of the scapula.

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17
Q

Origin and insertion of Serratus anterior:

A

O: Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
I: Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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18
Q

actions of the serratus anterior:

A

A:
Protracts scapula
Upward rotates scapula
Elevates ribs (forced inspiration

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19
Q

What muscle is attached to ribs 1-8 and the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula, deep to the pectoralis major?

A

Serratus anterior.

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20
Q

What happens if the ribs are held stationary and the serratus anterior contracts?

A

Contractions of the serratus anterior cause protraction and upward rotation of the scapula.

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21
Q

What happens if the scapula is held stationary and the serratus anterior contracts?

A

Contractions cause elevation of the ribs during forced inspiration.

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22
Q

Why is the serratus anterior clinically important?

A

The serratus anterior is important because it prevents the medial border of the scapula from flaring out, a condition known as scapular winging.

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23
Q

origin and insertion of the trapezius

A

O: Superior nuchal lines and the spinous processes of C2-T12
I: Acromial end of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula

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24
Q

actions of the trapezius

A

A:
Superior: Elevates scapula, upward rotates scapula
Middle: Retracts scapula
Inferior: Depresses scapula, upward rotates scapula

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25
Q

nerve innervations of the trapezius

A

I: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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26
Q

origin and insertion of the levator scapulae

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Superior portion of the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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27
Q

actions of the levator scapulae

A

A:
Elevates scapula
Downward rotates scapula

Remember: its actions are similar to an elevator which sounds similar to levator.

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28
Q

nerve innervation of the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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29
Q

what muscles sits deep to the trapezius?

A

levator scapulae

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30
Q

origin and insertion of the Rhomboid minor and Rhomboid major

A

O: Spinous processes of C7-T1 (minor) and T2-T5 (major)

I: Inferior portion of the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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31
Q

actions of the Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

A

A:
Elevates scapula
Retracts scapula
Downward rotates scapula

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32
Q

nerve innervation of the

A

I: Dorsal scapular nerve

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33
Q

Why are the muscles that cross the shoulder joint extremely important?

A

Due to the inherent instability of the shoulder joint, these muscles are crucial for its stability.

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34
Q

What are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

Remember: SITS

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35
Q

origin and insertion of the deltoid

A

O:
Anterior: Acromial end of the clavicle
Lateral: Acromion process
Posterior: Spine of the scapula

I: Deltoid tuberosity

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36
Q

actions of the deltoid

A

A:
Anterior: Flexes shoulder, medially rotates shoulder
Lateral: Abducts shoulder
Posterior: Extends shoulder, laterally rotates shoulder

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37
Q

nerve innervation of the deloit

A

axillary nerve

38
Q

Name refers to having a triangular shape, is a large superficial muscle in the shoulder region.

A

The deltoid

39
Q

origin and insertion of the pectoralis major:

A

O:
Clavicular: Sternal end of the clavicle
Sternocostal: Anterior surface of the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6

I: Lateral edge of the intertubercular sulcus

40
Q

actions of the pectoralis major:

A

A:
Clavicular: Flexes shoulder
Sternocostal: Extends shoulder (when flexed)
Both: Adducts shoulder, medially rotates shoulder

41
Q

nerve innervation of the pectoralis major:

A

I: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

42
Q

origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi:

A

O: Spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac crest and inferior 3-4 ribs (via the thoracolumbar fascia)

I: Intertubercular sulcus

43
Q

nerve innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

I: Thoracodorsal nerve

44
Q

a large superficial muscle that covers much of the lower half of the back.

A

latissimus dorsi?

45
Q

Where are the medial attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

The medial attachments are on the spinous processes of T7-L5, the iliac crest, and the inferior ribs via the thoracolumbar fascia.

46
Q

Where is the lateral attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

The lateral attachment is on the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, next to the attachment of the pectoralis major.

47
Q

How does the latissimus dorsi pass through the armpit area?

A

The muscle passes through the armpit area, medial to the humerus, as its fibers head toward the intertubercular sulcus.

48
Q

origin and insertion of the teres major:

A

O: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
I: Medial edge of the intertubercular sulcus

49
Q

actions of the teres major:

A

A:
Extends shoulder
Adducts shoulder
Medially rotates shoulder

50
Q

nerve innervation of the teres major:

A

I: Lower subscapular nerve

51
Q

the two main adductors of the shoulder joint.

A

Pec major and teres major

52
Q

what are the 3 muscles that attach onto the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

remember: “Lady between two majors”

53
Q

origin and insertion of the infraspinatus:

A

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle

remember: sIts

54
Q

actions of the infraspinatus:

A

A: Laterally rotates shoulder

55
Q

nerve innervation of the infraspinatus:

A

I: Suprascapular nerve

56
Q

origin and insertion of the supraspinatus:

A

O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Superior surface of the greater tubercle

remember: Sits

57
Q

actions of the supraspinatus:

A

A: Abducts shoulder

58
Q

nerve innervation of the suprspinatus:

A

I: Suprascapular nerve

59
Q

origin an insertion of the teres minor:

A

O: Lateral border of the scapula

I: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle

remember: SiTs

60
Q

actions of the teres minor:

A

A: Laterally rotates shoulder

61
Q

nerve innervation of the teres minor:

A

I: Axillary nerve

62
Q

origin and insertion of the subscapularis:

A

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle

remember: sitS

63
Q

action of the subscapularis:

A

A: Medially rotates shoulder

64
Q

nerve innervation of the subscapularis

A

I: Upper and lower subscapular nerves

65
Q

What does the acronym “SITS” stand for in relation to the rotator cuff muscles?

A

“SITS” stands for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

66
Q

What clinical condition can develop if there is inflammation in the space inferior to the acromion process and subacromial bursa, through which the supraspinatus travels?

A

Answer: Impingement syndrome.

67
Q

general rule: what actions and innervation are associated with the anterior arm?

A

Shoulder flexion
and/or
Elbow flexion

Musculocutaneous nerve

68
Q

General rule: what actions and innervation are associated with the posterior arm?

A

Shoulder extension
and/or
Elbow extension

Radial nerve

69
Q

origin and insertion of the of the biceps brachii

A

O:
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
Short head: Coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

70
Q

actions of the biceps brachii

A

A:
Flexes shoulder
Flexes elbow
Supinates forearm

71
Q

nerve innervation of the biceps brachii

A

I: Musculocutaneous nerve

72
Q

What is the name of the superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm that has two heads?

A

Biceps brachii.

73
Q

What are the two heads of the biceps brachii muscle?

A

The long head and the short head.

74
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii?

A

The proximal attachment of the long head is on the supraglenoid tubercle.

75
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of the short head of the biceps brachii?

A

The proximal attachment of the short head is on the coracoid process.

76
Q

What is the distal attachment of both heads of the biceps brachii?

A

The radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.

77
Q

origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis

A

O: Coracoid process
I: Medial surface of the body of the humerus

78
Q

actions of the coracobrachialis

A

A:
Flexes shoulder
Adducts shoulder

79
Q

nerve innervation of the coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

80
Q

origin and insertion of the brachialis

A

O: Anterior surface of the body of the humerus
I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

81
Q

actions of the brachialis

A

Flexes elbow

82
Q

nerve innervation of the brachialis

A

I: Musculocutaneous nerve

83
Q

origin and insertion of the triceps brachii

A

O:
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Proximal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus
Medial head: Distal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus

I: Olecranon process

84
Q

actions of the brachialis

A

A: Flexes elbow

85
Q

nerve innervation of the brachialis

A

I: Musculocutaneous nerve

86
Q

origin and insertion of the triceps brachii

A

O:
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Proximal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus
Medial head: Distal portion of the posterior surface of the body of the humerus
I: Olecranon process

87
Q

origin and insertion of the biceps brachii

A

O:
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
Short head: Coracoid process

I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

88
Q

origin and insertion of the anconeus

A

O: Lateral epicondyle
I: Olecranon process and the proximal portion of the posterior ulna

89
Q

actions of the anconeus

A

extends elbow

90
Q

nerve innervation of the anconeus

A

radial nerve

91
Q
A

Anatomy (34 decks)

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