lower limb muscles 1 Flashcards
Describe the names and locations of the muscles that move the: Hip + Knee, Describe the origins (O), insertions (I), actions (A), and innervations (I) of these muscles.
1
Q
what are all lower limb muscles innervated by?
A
peripheral nerves that are branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses.
2
Q
what are the two categories of the gluteal region?
A
superficial and deep
3
Q
what do the superficial gluteal muscles consists of?
A
4 larger muscles
Origin = ilium
Mixture of actions
4
Q
what do the Deep gluteal muscles consist of?
A
6 smaller muscles
Origin = ischium & pubis
Laterally rotate the hip
5
Q
where do most gluteal muscles insert?
A
the greater trochanter (femur)
6
Q
origin and insertion of gluteus maximus
A
O: Posterior surface of the sacrum and ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line
I: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
7
Q
actions of the gluteus maximus
A
extends hip
laterally rotates hip
8
Q
origin and insertion of the gluteus medius
A
O: Between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
9
Q
actions of the gluteus medius
A
abducts hip
medially rotates hip
10
Q
Gluteus maximus nerve innervation
A
inferior gluteal nerve
11
Q
gluteus Medius nerve innervation
A
superior gluteal nerve
12
Q
gluteus minimus origin and insertion:
A
O: Between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
13
Q
actions of the gluteus minimus
A
Abducts and medially rotates the hip
14
Q
nerve innervation of the gluteus maximus
A
superior gluteal nerve
15
Q
origin and insertion of the tensor fasciae latae
A
O: Anterior portion of the iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract
16
Q
actions of the tensor fasciae latea
A
Flexes hip
Abducts hip
Medially rotates hip
17
Q
nerve innervation of the tensor fasciae latae
A
superior gluteal nerve
18
Q
what is the Iliotibial tract (band)
A
Thickened portion of the deep fascia of the thigh
19
Q
where does the iliotibial tract insert?
A
onto a tubercle on the anterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia
20
Q
What structures have distal attachments to the iliotibial tract or band?
A
Both the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae.
21
Q
origin and insertion of the piriformis
A
O: Anterior sacrum
I: Superior surface of the greater trochanter
22
Q
Actions of the piriformis
A
laterally rotates the hip
23
Q
nerve innervation of the pirifomis
A
I: S1-S2 spinal nerves
24
Q
origin and insertion of the obturator internus
A
O: Deep (inner) surface of the ischial and pubic rami and obturator membrane
I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter
25
origin and insertion of the obturator externus
O: Superficial (outer) surface of the ischial and pubic rami and obturator membrane
I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter
26
action of the obturator internus
laterally rotates the hip
27
nerve innervation of the obturator externus
obturator nerve
28
origin and insertion of the superior gemellus
O: Ischial spine
I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter
29
nerve innervation of the superior gemellus
nerve to obturator internus
30
actions of the superior gemellus
laterally rotates the hip
31
origin and insertion of the quadratus femoris
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest
32
nerve innervation of the quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
33
actions of the quadratus femoris?
laterally rotates the hip
34
origin and insertion of the inferior gemellus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter
35
actions of the inferior gemellus
laterally rotates the hip
36
nerve innervation of the inferior gemellus
nerve to quadratus femoris
37
what are the 3 compartments of the thigh separated by fascia?
anterior, posterior, medial
38
what or the origins, actions, and innervations of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
O: ilium and femur
A: Hip flexion and/or Knee extension
I: femoral nerve
39
what are the origins, actions and innervations of th posterior compartment of the thigh?
O: Ischial tuberosity
A: Hip extension Knee flexion
I: Sciatic nerve
40
what are the origins, actions and innervations of the medial compartment of the thigh?
O: Pubis
A: Hip abduction, hip flexion
I: Obturator nerve
41
Origin and insertion of the iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)
O:
Psoas major: Bodies and TVPs of the lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
42
actions of the Iliopsoas
flexes hip, laterally rotates the hip
43
nerve innervation of the iliopsoas
femoral nerve &L2-L3 spinal nerves
44
What are the components of the iliopsoas muscle and where do they attach?
The iliopsoas muscle is composed of an iliacus portion that attaches to the iliac fossa of the hipbone and a psoas major portion which attaches to the lumbar vertebrae. Both portions have a common distal attachment on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
45
Origin and insertion of the sartorius
O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
I: pes anserinus of the tibia
46
where does the sartorius cross?
the knee and the hip joint
47
nerve innervations of the sartorius
femoral nerve
48
actions of the sartorius
A:
Flexes hip
Abducts hip
Laterally rotates hip
Flexes knee
49
what is the pes anserinus?
a group of tendons from three muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) that come together and attach to the tibia just below the knee joint.
50
origin and insertion of the rectus femoris
O: AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine and tibial tuberosity)
I: Tibial tuberosity
51
actions of the rectus femoris
flexes hip
extends knee
52
nerve innervation of the rectus femoris
femoral nerve
53
where does the rectus femoris cross?
the hip and knee joints
54
origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis
O: Lateral edge of the Linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity
55
actions of the vastus lateralis
extends knee
56
nerve innervation of the vastus lateralis
femoral nerve
57
how does the vastus lateralis attach to the tibial tuberosity?
curls around the lateral thigh before attach attaching distally to the tibial tuberosity
58
origin and insertion of the vastus medialis
O: Medial edge of the Linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity
59
action of the vastus medialis
extends the knee
60
nerve innervations of the vastus medialis
femoral nerve
61
origin and insertion of the vastus intermedius
O: Anterior surface of the body of the femur (deep to the rectus femoris)
I: Tibial tuberosity
62
action of the vastus intermedius
extends knee
63
nerve innervation of the vastus intermedius
femoral nerve
64
components of the quadriceps femoris and action:
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
all four muscles extend the knee
65
where do all four of the quadriceps femoris muscles attach?
attach to the tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament (tendon)
66
which muscle of the quadriceps femoris flexes the hip?
rectus femoris
67
what doe "Quadriceps Femoris" refer to?
four headed muscle in the thigh
68
How does the patella relate to the tendon below it?
The patella forms within the tendon (patellar tendon) as a sesamoid bone, and the portion of the tendon below the patella is referred to as the patellar ligament or patellar tendon.
69
What is a sesamoid bone?
A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or a muscle, typically where it passes over a joint.
70
origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris
O:
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera
I: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula
71
actions of the biceps femoris
extends hip
flexes knee
Long head crosses the hip joint which causes extension of the hip
Both heads cross the knee joint which causes flexion of the knee.
72
nerve innervations of the biceps femoris
sciatic nerve
73
What are the three muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, commonly referred to as the hamstring muscles?
The three muscles commonly referred to as the hamstring muscles are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
74
origin and insertion of the semimembranosus:
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia
75
actions of the semimembranosus
A:
Extends hip
Flexes knee
76
nerve innervation of the semimembranosus
I: Sciatic nerve
77
where is the semimembranosus located?
the medial side of the posterior compartment
78
origin and insertion of the semitendinosus
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Pes anserinus
79
actions of the semitendinosus
A:
Extends hip
Flexes knee
80
nerve innervation of the semitendinosus
Sciatic nerve
81
what is superficial to the semimembranosus?
semitendinosus
82
origin and insertion of the pectineus
O: Superior ramus of the pubis
I: Posterior surface of the femur distal to the lesser trochanter
83
actions of the pectineus
A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
84
nerve innervation of the pectineus
I: Femoral nerve
85
What muscle is found in the medial compartment of the thigh and is innervated by the femoral nerve?
The pectineus muscle.
86
Origin and insertion of the adductor longus
O: Superior ramus of the pubis
I: Distal portion of the linea aspera
87
actions of the adductor longus
A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
88
nerve innervation of the adductor longus
obturator nerve
89
origin and insertion of the adductor brevis
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Proximal portion of the Linea aspera
90
actions of the adductor brevis
A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
91
nerve innervation of the adductor brevis
I: Obturator nerve
92
origin and insertion of the adductor magnus
O:
Adductor: Inferior ramus of the pubis
Hamstring: Ischial tuberosity
I:
Adductor: Linea aspera
Hamstring: Adductor tubercle
93
actions of the adductor magnus
A:
Both: Adducts hip
Adductor: Flexes hip
Hamstring: Extends hip
94
nerve innervations of the adductor magnus
Adductor: Obturator nerve
Hamstring: Sciatic nerve
95
what are the two functional portions of the adductor magnus?
Adductor portion: has attachments, actions, and innervations like the medial compartment or abductor muscles.
Hamstring portion: has attachments, actions, and innervations like the posterior compartment or hamstring muscles.
96
origin and insertion of the gracilis
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Pes anserinus
97
actions of the gracilis
A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
Medially rotates hip (due to its medial orientation)
Flexes knee
98
nerve innervation of the gracilis
I: obturator nerve
99
what is the only medial compartment muscle to cross the knee joint causing flexion of the knee.
the gracilis
100
muscles that attach to the pes anserinus:
Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus
Remember: “Say Grace before Tea”
101
why is it important to know the muscles which attach to the pes anserinus?
there is a bursa which lies deep to these tendons that can become irritated and inflamed with repetitive knee movement and is the cause of non-traumatic medial knee pain.
102
what is a bursa?
A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac located between bones, tendons, muscles, and skin that helps reduce friction and cushion the movement of these structures.
103
where do the muscles of the Ant. compartment (thigh) typically originate?
Ilium & Femur
104
where do the muscles of the Post. compartment typically originate?
ischium
105
where do the muscles of the med. compartment typically originate?
pubis
106
where do the superficial gluteal muscles originate?
ilium
107
where do the deep gluteal muscles originate?
Ischium & Pubis
108
which muscles typically attach to the greater trochanter?
gluteal muscles
109
which muscles typically attach to the ischial tuberosity?
"hamstring" muscles
