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Anatomy > lower limb muscles 2 > Flashcards

lower limb muscles 2 Flashcards

Describe the names and locations of the muscles that move the: Ankle and foot, Toes. Describe the origins (O), insertions (I), actions (A), and innervations (I) of these muscles.

1
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

anterior, posterior, lateral

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2
Q

where do the tendons on the anterior compartment cross?

A

Between the malleoli over the anterior ankle

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3
Q

what are the actions of the anterior leg?

A

Foot dorsiflexion
and/or
Toe extension

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4
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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5
Q

where do the tendons cross the posterior compartment?

A

Posterior to the
medial malleolus
(deep layer)

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6
Q

what are the actions of the posterior leg?

A

Foot plantarflexion
and/or
Toe flexion

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7
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior leg?

A

tibial nerve

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8
Q

where do the tendons cross the lateral leg?

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus

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9
Q

what are the actions of the lateral leg?

A

foot plantarflexion and foot eversion

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10
Q

what is the lateral leg innervated by?

A

superficial fibular nerve

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11
Q

What is compartment syndrome in the context of the leg?

A

pressure is applied to the blood vessels and nerves in the compartment.

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12
Q

origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius

A

O: Posterior surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

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13
Q

actions of the gastrocnemius

A

flexes knee
plantarflexes foot

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14
Q

innervation of the gastricnemius

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

What are the functional groups of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg, and what is the main action of these muscles?

A

The muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are divided into a superficial group of three muscles and a deep group of four muscles. All but one of these muscles cause plantar flexion of the foot.

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16
Q

origin and insertion of the soleus

A

O: Head of the fibula and proximal portion of the posterior tibia
I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

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17
Q

what nerve innervate the soleus?

A

tibial nerve

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18
Q

what muscle is found deep to the gastrcnemius?

A

the soleus

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19
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the plantaris?

A

O: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

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20
Q

what are the actions if the plantaris?

A

flexes knee (crosses the knee joint and therefor causes knee flexion)

plantarflexes the foot

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21
Q

which nerve innervates the plantaris?

A

the tibial nerve

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22
Q

which 3 muscles attach to the calcaneus VIA the Achilles tendon

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

Remember: Gape Sangria on a Pontoon

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23
Q

origin and insertion of the popliteus

A

O: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
I: Proximal portion of the posterior tibia

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24
Q

actions of the popliteus

A

flexes knee
medially rotates leg

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25
Q

innervation of the popliteus

A

tibial nerve

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26
Q

What happens to the leg during the swing phase of gait, and how does the popliteus muscle contribute to knee flexion during the stance phase?

A

During the swing phase of gait, the leg laterally rotates slightly to maximize stability in the knee joint. During the subsequent stance phase, as knee flexion is initiated, the popliteus muscle medially rotates the knee to unlock the joint, facilitating further knee flexion.

27
Q

origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior

A

O: Proximal portion of the posterior tibia and fibula

I: Plantar surfaces of the tarsals and metatarsals II-IV

28
Q

actions of the tibialis posterior

A

plantarflexion
inverts foot

29
Q

nerve innervation of the tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

30
Q

origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum longus

A

O: Middle portion of the posterior tibia
I: Distal phalanges of digits II-V

31
Q

actions of the flexor digitorum longus

A

A:
Plantarflexes foot
Flexes MTP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits II-V

32
Q

innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

33
Q

what does the name “flexor digitorum longus” refer to?

A

refers to being a long flexor of the digits or toes

34
Q

origin and insertion of the flexor hallucis longus

A

O: Middle portion of the posterior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of digit I

35
Q

actions of the flexor hallucis longus

A

A:
Plantarflexes foot
Flexes MTP and IP joints of digit I

36
Q

nerve innervation of the flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve

37
Q

what does the term hallucis refer to?

A

big toe

38
Q

origin and insertion of the tibialis anterior

A

O: Anterior tibia
I: Medial cuneiform & metatarsal I

39
Q

actions of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes the foot
inverts foot

40
Q

nerve innervation of the tibialis anterior

A

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

41
Q

what is the largest and most superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the lower limb?

A

tibialis anterior

42
Q

origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

A

Proximal portion of the anterior fibula
I: Middle and distal phalanges of digits II-V

43
Q

actions of the extensor digitorum longus

A

A:
Dorsiflexes foot
Extends MTP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits II-V

44
Q

nerve innervation of the extensor digitorum longus

A

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

45
Q

origin and insertion of the extensor hallucis longus

A

O: Middle portion of the anterior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of digit I

46
Q

actions of the extensor hallucis longus

A

A:
Dorsiflexes foot
Extends MTP and IP joints of digit I/ big toe

47
Q

nerve innervation of the extensor hallucis longus

A

I: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

48
Q

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

O: Distal portion of the anterior fibula
I: Base of metatarsal V

49
Q

actions of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

A:
Dorsiflexes foot
Everts foot

50
Q

nerve innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

I: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

51
Q

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

O: Head and proximal portion of the lateral fibula
I: Medial cuneiform & metatarsal I

52
Q

actions of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

A:
Plantarflexes foot
Everts foot

53
Q

nerve innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

I: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

54
Q

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

O: Distal portion of the lateral fibula
I: Base of metatarsal V

55
Q

actions of the fibularis brevis

A

A:
Plantarflexes foot
Everts foot

56
Q

nerve innervation of the fibularis brevis

A

I: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

57
Q

which muscles are associated with foot inversion?

A

muscles of the tibia:
tibialis anterior and posterior

Remember: the foot goes INward during INversion

58
Q

which muscles are associated with foot eversion?

A

muscles of the fibula:
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius

Remember: the foot goes outward during eversion

59
Q

extensor retinaculum:

A

Anterior ankle
Holds the anterior compartment tendons in place

60
Q

flexor retinaculum:

A

Medial ankle
Holds the posterior compartment tendons in place

61
Q

peroneal retinaculum

A

Lateral ankle
Holds the lateral compartment tendons in place

62
Q

What are the thickened bands of fascia around the ankle joint that anchor down tendons?

A

The retinacula.

63
Q

plantar aponeurosis (fascia):

A

Connective tissue on the plantar side of the foot which helps support the longitudinal arches of the foot.

Anatomy (34 decks)

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