lower limb muscles 2

Question 1

what are the 3 compartments of the leg?

Answer 1

anterior, posterior, lateral

Question 2

where do the tendons on the anterior compartment cross?

Answer 2

Between the malleoli over the anterior ankle

Question 3

what are the actions of the anterior leg?

Answer 3

Foot dorsiflexion
and/or
Toe extension

Question 4

what is the innervation of the anterior leg?

Answer 4

Deep fibular nerve

Question 5

where do the tendons cross the posterior compartment?

Answer 5

Posterior to the
medial malleolus
(deep layer)

Question 6

what are the actions of the posterior leg?

Answer 6

Foot plantarflexion
and/or
Toe flexion

Question 7

what is the innervation of the posterior leg?

Answer 7

tibial nerve

Question 8

where do the tendons cross the lateral leg?

Answer 8

posterior to the lateral malleolus

Question 9

what are the actions of the lateral leg?

Answer 9

foot plantarflexion and foot eversion

Question 10

what is the lateral leg innervated by?

Answer 10

superficial fibular nerve

Question 11

What is compartment syndrome in the context of the leg?

Answer 11

pressure is applied to the blood vessels and nerves in the compartment.

Question 12

origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius

Answer 12

O: Posterior surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Question 13

actions of the gastrocnemius

Answer 13

flexes knee
plantarflexes foot

Question 14

innervation of the gastricnemius

Answer 14

tibial nerve

Question 15

What are the functional groups of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg, and what is the main action of these muscles?

Answer 15

The muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are divided into a superficial group of three muscles and a deep group of four muscles. All but one of these muscles cause plantar flexion of the foot.

Question 16

origin and insertion of the soleus

Answer 16

O: Head of the fibula and proximal portion of the posterior tibia
I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Question 17

what nerve innervate the soleus?

Answer 17

tibial nerve

Question 18

what muscle is found deep to the gastrcnemius?

Answer 18

the soleus

Question 19

what is the origin and insertion of the plantaris?

Answer 19

O: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Question 20

what are the actions if the plantaris?

Answer 20

flexes knee (crosses the knee joint and therefor causes knee flexion)

plantarflexes the foot

Question 21

which nerve innervates the plantaris?

Answer 21

the tibial nerve

Question 22

which 3 muscles attach to the calcaneus VIA the Achilles tendon

Answer 22

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

Remember: Gape Sangria on a Pontoon

Question 23

origin and insertion of the popliteus

Answer 23

O: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
I: Proximal portion of the posterior tibia

Question 24

actions of the popliteus

Answer 24

flexes knee
medially rotates leg

Question 25

innervation of the popliteus

Answer 25

tibial nerve

Question 26

What happens to the leg during the swing phase of gait, and how does the popliteus muscle contribute to knee flexion during the stance phase?

Answer 26

During the swing phase of gait, the leg laterally rotates slightly to maximize stability in the knee joint. During the subsequent stance phase, as knee flexion is initiated, the popliteus muscle medially rotates the knee to unlock the joint, facilitating further knee flexion.

Question 27

origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior

Answer 27

O: Proximal portion of the posterior tibia and fibula I: Plantar surfaces of the tarsals and metatarsals II-IV

Question 28

actions of the tibialis posterior

Answer 28

plantarflexion inverts foot

Question 29

nerve innervation of the tibialis posterior

Answer 29

tibial nerve

Question 30

origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum longus

Answer 30

O: Middle portion of the posterior tibia I: Distal phalanges of digits II-V

Question 31

actions of the flexor digitorum longus

Answer 31

A: Plantarflexes foot Flexes MTP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits II-V

Question 32

innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

Answer 32

tibial nerve

Question 33

what does the name "flexor digitorum longus" refer to?

Answer 33

refers to being a long flexor of the digits or toes

Question 34

origin and insertion of the flexor hallucis longus

Answer 34

O: Middle portion of the posterior fibula I: Distal phalanx of digit I

Question 35

actions of the flexor hallucis longus

Answer 35

A: Plantarflexes foot Flexes MTP and IP joints of digit I

Question 36

nerve innervation of the flexor hallucis longus

Answer 36

tibial nerve

Question 37

what does the term hallucis refer to?

Answer 37

big toe

Question 38

origin and insertion of the tibialis anterior

Answer 38

O: Anterior tibia I: Medial cuneiform & metatarsal I

Question 39

actions of the tibialis anterior

Answer 39

dorsiflexes the foot inverts foot

Question 40

nerve innervation of the tibialis anterior

Answer 40

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 41

what is the largest and most superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the lower limb?

Answer 41

tibialis anterior

Question 42

origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

Answer 42

Proximal portion of the anterior fibula I: Middle and distal phalanges of digits II-V

Question 43

actions of the extensor digitorum longus

Answer 43

A: Dorsiflexes foot Extends MTP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits II-V

Question 44

nerve innervation of the extensor digitorum longus

Answer 44

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 45

origin and insertion of the extensor hallucis longus

Answer 45

O: Middle portion of the anterior fibula I: Distal phalanx of digit I

Question 46

actions of the extensor hallucis longus

Answer 46

A: Dorsiflexes foot Extends MTP and IP joints of digit I/ big toe

Question 47

nerve innervation of the extensor hallucis longus

Answer 47

I: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 48

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Answer 48

O: Distal portion of the anterior fibula I: Base of metatarsal V

Question 49

actions of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Answer 49

A: Dorsiflexes foot Everts foot

Question 50

nerve innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Answer 50

I: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 51

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 51

O: Head and proximal portion of the lateral fibula I: Medial cuneiform & metatarsal I

Question 52

actions of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 52

A: Plantarflexes foot Everts foot

Question 53

nerve innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 53

I: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 54

origin and insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Answer 54

O: Distal portion of the lateral fibula I: Base of metatarsal V

Question 55

actions of the fibularis brevis

Answer 55

A: Plantarflexes foot Everts foot

Question 56

nerve innervation of the fibularis brevis

Answer 56

I: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 57

which muscles are associated with foot inversion?

Answer 57

muscles of the tibia: tibialis anterior and posterior Remember: the foot goes INward during INversion

Question 58

which muscles are associated with foot eversion?

Answer 58

muscles of the fibula: fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius Remember: the foot goes outward during eversion

Question 59

extensor retinaculum:

Answer 59

Anterior ankle Holds the anterior compartment tendons in place

Question 60

flexor retinaculum:

Answer 60

Medial ankle Holds the posterior compartment tendons in place

Question 61

peroneal retinaculum

Answer 61

Lateral ankle Holds the lateral compartment tendons in place

Question 62

What are the thickened bands of fascia around the ankle joint that anchor down tendons?

Answer 62

The retinacula.

Question 63

plantar aponeurosis (fascia):

Answer 63

Connective tissue on the plantar side of the foot which helps support the longitudinal arches of the foot.