Anatomical terminology Flashcards
Describe the 6 levels of structural organization that make up the body. Describe the 11 systems of the body as well as their representative organs and general functions. Describe the anatomical position and define the anatomical terms used for the various regions of the body. Define the directional terms and anatomical planes/sections used to describe the body.
what are the 11 systems in the body?
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Integumentary
“Silly Monkeys Never Eat Cold Lasagna Regularly; Don’t Underestimate Real Intelligence.”
Anatomy
The science of body structures (and their relationships)
Physiology
The science of body functions
Anatomy of skeletal system includes:
the bones that make up the human skeleton and their associated features and landmarks – as well as the histology or tissue anatomy of different types of bone.
the physiology of the skeletal system includes:
a description of the cellular mechanisms and processes by which bone is formed and remodeled during a person’s lifetime.
Anatomy Vs. Physiology:
Structure Vs. Function
The anatomy of the muscular system includes:
a description of the skeletal muscles that are in the human body, including bony attachments, actions, as well as the histology of different types of muscle tissue.
the physiology of the muscular system includes:
a description of the cellular mechanisms and processes by which muscles are able to contract and generate the force necessary to maintain static postures
What is the purpose of the levels of structural organization?
These levels are a way to organize the body from its basic elements to structures of increasing complexity
Chemical level:
Atoms (e.g., C, H, O)
Molecules (e.g., DNA, glucose)
Cellular level:
Includes a description of how various molecules are combined to form the cells that make up the human body.
Tissue level:
how groups of cells share a particular function and organize themselves into tissues.
what are the 4 types of tissues in the body?
Hint: derived from the tissue level.
Epithelial
Muscular
Nervous
Connective
Remember: Every Morning, Nina Connects.
epithelial tissue
forms the inner and outer linings of the various body organs.
Muscular tissue:
the specialized tissue that can contract.
Nervous tissue:
specialized tissue that can generate and transmit electrical signals.
Connective tissue
includes any tissue that is not epithelial, muscular or nervous. Is generally made up of cells that are surrounded by a ground substance matrix.
organ level:
An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissue that collectively carry out a specific function.
what level of organization is the following?:
the stomach is an organ within the digestive system that is made up of epithelial tissue layers on its inner and outer surfaces with connective and muscular tissues between these epithelial layers. these tissues work together to allow the stomach to perform its primary function, namely the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
organ level
system level:
a collection of organs that work together to carry out a common function.
what level of organization is the following?:
the various organs that make up the digestive system collectively work together to allow for the ingestion, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the elimination of waste products.
system level
organismal level:
the entire organism and is composed of all the systems that make up the organism.
what are the components of the skeletal system?
Bones
Joints
Associated cartilages
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support and protection
Assists movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals & lipids
