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Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five named nerves in the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Radial

Median

Ulnar

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2
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Musculucutaneous

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

Radial

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4
Q

Which nerve supplies the majority of muscles in the anterior forearm and the thumb?

A

Median

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5
Q

Which muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid Teres minor

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6
Q

What bony structure does the ulnar nerve pass posterior to at the elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior arm and forearm?

A

Radial

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8
Q

What does the subclavian artery become as it travels distally in the upper limb?

A

Axillary, then brachial, then bifurcates to become the radial and ulnar arteries, which combine to form the palmar arches in the hand, and finally become digital arteries

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9
Q

What are end arteries?

A

E.g. digital arteries Arteries with no other anastomotic branches getting to the area which is being supplied

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10
Q

Where are superficial veins found?

A

In the superficial fascia

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11
Q

Where are the deep veins in the upper limb found?

A

In the compartments, deep to the deep fascia

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12
Q

What are the main two superficial veins in the upper limb which emerge from the dorsal venous network?

A

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

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13
Q

Which superficial vein runs along the lateral aspect of the forearm?

A

Cephalic vein

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14
Q

Which superficial vein runs along the medial aspect of the forearm?

A

Basilic vein

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15
Q

What is the name of the vein that connects the cephalic vein and the basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

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16
Q

Which vein does the basilic vein drain into?

A

Axillary vein, which becomes subclavian vein

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17
Q

Which vein does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

Subclavian vein

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18
Q

What are the origins of the deltoid muscle?

A

Lateral third of the clavicle

Spine of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid muscle?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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20
Q

Which movement does the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Extension of the shoulder

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21
Q

Which movement does the medial fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Abduction of the shoulder

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22
Q

Which movement does the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle bring about?

A

Flexion of the shoulder

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23
Q

Which muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder?

A

Triceps

Posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle

Latissmus dorsi

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24
Q

What muscles are within the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

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25
Q

What are the attachments of the biceps brachii?

A

Glenoid fossa of the scapula

Coracoid process of the scapula

Distally, attaches to radial tuberosity and deep fascia of the forearm

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26
Q

Other than flexion, what movement does the biceps brachii bring about and how is this possible?

A

Supination, due to attachment to the radial tuberosity

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27
Q

Which muscle makes up the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps

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28
Q

What movements does the triceps allow?

A

Extension of the elbow

Extension of the shoulder

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29
Q

What movements do the muscles of the anterior forearm allow?

A

Flexion of wrist

Flexion of digits

Wrist abduction and adduction

Pronation of forearm

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30
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronates forearm and flexes elbow

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31
Q

What are the attachments of the pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle

Pronator tuberosity of radius

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32
Q

Which nerve innervates the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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33
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes wrist and abducts hand

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34
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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35
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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36
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexes wrist and adducts hand

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37
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle

Pisiform and 5th metacarpal

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38
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar

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39
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

40
Q

Which nerve innervates the teres minor?

41
Q

Which nerve innervates the subscapularis?

A

Upper & lower subscapular nerves

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles?

A

Suprascapular nerve

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

44
Q

What is the common origin of all extensor muscles of the forearm?

A

Lateral epicondyle

45
Q

What compartment is the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

The dorsal compartment

46
Q

What is the common origin of all flexor muscles of the forearm?

A

Medial epicondyle

47
Q

What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

48
Q

Where does the supraspinatus muscle originate and insert?

A

Supraspinous fossa Inserts to greater tuberosity of humerus

49
Q

Which muscles does the suprascapular nerve supply?

A

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus

50
Q

What movement does the supraspinatus muscle allow?

A

Abduction of the arm

51
Q

What movement does the infraspinatus muscle allow?

A

External rotation of the arm

52
Q

Where does the infraspinatus muscle originate and insert?

A

Infraspinous fossa Inserts to greater tuberosity of humerus

53
Q

Which nerve supplies the teres minor?

54
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the teres minor?

A

Dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus

55
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Subscapular fossa/anterior surface of scapula Lesser tuberosity of humerus/shoulder capsule

56
Q

Which nerves innervate the subscapularis muscle?

A

Subscapular nerve (upper & lower)

57
Q

Which ligaments hold the bones of the elbow joint together?

A

Medial collateral Lateral collateral Annular ligament

58
Q

Where is the annular ligament located??

A

Around the radial head, holding it to the ulna

59
Q

Where are the extrinsic muscles of the hand located?

A

In the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm

60
Q

Which muscles are responsible for fine motor functions of the hand?

A

Intrinsic muscles

61
Q

What are the names of the three thenar muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adbuctor pollicis brevis

62
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles?

63
Q

What is the most lateral thenar muscle?

A

Opponens pollicis

64
Q

What is the middle thenar muscle?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

65
Q

What are the two hypothenar muscles and what do they move?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi (main one) Moves the little finger

66
Q

What movements do the interossei muscles allow?

A

Flexion of MCPJs Extension of IPJs Dorsal allow abduction at MCPJs Palmar adduct fingers at MCPJs

67
Q

Which flexor tendon/extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers allows flexion at PIPJs?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

68
Q

Which flexor tendon/extrinsic flexor muscle of fingers allows flexion at DIPJs?

A

Flexor digitoruim profundis

69
Q

Which structure does the flexor tendons pass through to reach the fingers?

A

Carpal tunnel

70
Q

How are the flexor tendons trained to phalanges/metacarpals?

A

Pulley systems

71
Q

What are the two kinds of flexor pulley?

A

Annular ligaments Cruciate pulleys

72
Q

What are the two most biomechanically important annular ligaments?

A

A2 & A4: critical to prevent bowstringing

73
Q

Which pulley is most commonly involved in trigger finger?

74
Q

Which pulleys overlie the MP, PIP and DIP joints respectively?

A

A1, A3 & A5

75
Q

What is the function of the cruciate pulleys?

A

To prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion

76
Q

What is the function of the palmar fascia?

A

Separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin

77
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

A network of the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots (C5-C8, T1) It proceeds through the neck, the axilla, and into the arm These nerve roots form and give off the peripheral nerves that supply the upper arm, forearm and hand

78
Q

How do the nerves of the brachial plexus divide from roots to each of the branches?

A

Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Cords

Branches

79
Q

Which muscle of the shoulder is being indicated here?

A

Coracobrachialis

80
Q

Which two ligaments make up this structure here on the lateral aspect of the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament

Annular ligament

81
Q

Which ligament at the elbow joint allows the radial head to rotate?

A

Annular ligament

82
Q

Which three muscles flex the elbow?

A

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

83
Q

Which muscle of the medial aspect of the elbow is being indicated here?

A

Pronator teres

84
Q

Which two muscles produce pronation of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

85
Q

On which side of the elbow the common flexor origin found?

86
Q

Which muscle of the anterior forearm is being indicated here? (Right arm)

A

Flexor carpi radialis

87
Q

Which muscle of the anterior forearm is being indicated here? (Right arm)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

88
Q

Which mucsle is being elevated here in the anterior forearm and where does it arise and insert?

A

Palmaris longus

Medial epicondyle

Palmar aponeurosis

89
Q

Which muscle is being indicated here?

A

Biceps brachii

90
Q

Which muscle of the anterior aspect of the elbow is being inidacted here?

A

Pronator teres

91
Q

Which muscle at the lateral aspect of the elbow and forearm is being shown here?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

92
Q

Which muscle on the lateral aspect of the elbow is being indicated here?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

93
Q

Which structures are being indicated here? (Right arm)

A
  1. Cephalic vein
  2. Basilic vein
94
Q

Which structure on the anterior aspect of the arm is being indicated here?

A

Median nerve

95
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve CN XI

Anatomy (22 decks)

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