Renal and urinary tract Flashcards
What is the function of the ureter?
Drains urine from kidney to bladder
What is the function of the bladder?
Storage of urine
What is the function of the urethra?
Excretion of urine
What is the distal urethra lined with?
Stratified squamous mucosa
What are the “tubes” from ureter to upper urethra lined with?
Transitional epithelium - or urothelium which in only found in the urinary tract
What are the parts of the upper urinary tract?
Kidneys & ureters
What makes up the renal hilum?
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
How many functional segments of the kidney are there?
5
Where does the arterial blood for each of the 5 segmental branches of the renal artery go?
To the nephrons
What are the renal pyramids - renal cortex or renal medulla?
Renal medulla
How many pyramids are in each kidney?
27
Roughly how many nephrons does each pyramid contain?
50000
What are three sites of ureteric contriction?
Pelviureteric junction
Ureter crossing anterior aspect of common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice
Where is the trigone?
The floor of the bladder between the bilateral & midline urethral orifaces
Does the trigone stretch or move?
No
What two things do the detrusor muscles encircle?
The ureteric orifaces preventing reflux of urine into ureter
The bladder neck
What is the external urethral sphincter?
Skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra
What is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity in the anatomic position?
The retrovesicle pouch
Which structure do the ureters run anteriorly to to enter the pelvis?
Common iliac vessels
What direction do the ureters take once they reach the level of the iliac spine?
Turn medially to enter the bladder from the posterior aspect
Which structure does the ureter run underneath to enter the bladder in the female pelvis?
Uterine artery
Where does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens?
Inferiorly