Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct term/name for nerve cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the correct term for a bundle of axons in the CNS?

A

Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the correct term/name for nerve cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the correct term for a bundle of axons in the PNS?

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do spinal nerves supply?

A

Soma/body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the only place spinal nerves are located?

A

Intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name given to spinal nerves once they have exited the intervertebral foramina to connect with the body wall?

A

Rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name given to the connecting structures attaching the spinal cord and spinal nerves of the same level?

A

Roots and rootlets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label these structures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are nerve plexuses?

A

Networks of intertwined anterior rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which axons are transported in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Motor axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which axons are transported in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which segment of the spinal cord has lateral horns and why?

A

T1 to L2 - transports sympathetic axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which nerve is the only sensory nerve not to synapse in the thalamus prior to entering the cortex?

A

Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many layers of scalp are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

S = Skin

C = Connective tissue

A = Aponeurosis

L = Loose connective tissue

P= Pericranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the scalp?

A

Scalp branches from the external carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the thinnest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which artery courses over the deep aspect of the pterion?

A

The middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three layers of meninges superficial to deep?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the dura mater?

A

Protection - this is the toughest meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the granulations on the arachnoid mater?

A

Reabsorbing CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the pia mater?

A

Adherence to the brain and all nerves & vessels entering or leaving the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the dura mater adherent to?

A

The internal aspect of all bones of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A tough layer of dura mater ‘tenting’ over the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

A midline structure of dura mater separating the two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which ventricle is the central canal of the spinal cord continuous with?

A

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which ventricle is in the midline?

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

A

It is a midline structure within the diencephalon

30
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

It connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the midline

31
Q

What two structures does the 4th ventricle lie between?

A

The cerebellum and pons

32
Q

Which kind of haemorrhage would rupture of the middle meningeal artery be?

A

Extradural

33
Q

Label these structures.

A
34
Q

How is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem?

A

3 peduncles - superior, middle and inferior

35
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellum?

A

Molecular layer (outer)

Purkinje cell layer (middle)

Granular layer (inner)

36
Q

Which cerebellar layer do afferent projections mainly reach?

A

Granular layer

37
Q

What is the only cerebellar layer that efferent signals can travel from?

A

Perkinje layer

38
Q

What clinical signs would a patient show if affected by a midline cerebellar lesion?

A

Disturbance of postural control: will fall over when standing or sitting despite limbs being in correct position

39
Q

What clinical signs would a patient show if affected by a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?

A

Loss of limb coordination on the ipsilateral side

May have intention tremour

40
Q

What clinical signs would a patient show if they suffered bilateral cerebellar dysfunction and what can commonly cause this?

A

Slowed, slurred speech (dysarthria), bilateral incoordination of the arms and a staggering, wide based gait (cerebellar ataxia)

Alcohol intake

41
Q

What are the 5 main basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Subthalamic nucleus

Substantia nigra

42
Q

What does the lenticular nucleus consist of?

A

The globus pallidus and putamen

43
Q

What does the striatum consist of?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

44
Q

What does the corpus striatum consist of?

A

Striatum (caudus nucleus and putamen) and globus pallidus

45
Q

Label these structures.

A
46
Q

Label these structures.

A
47
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

A

Midbrain

48
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

To allow purposeful movement

To inhibit unwanted movement

Assist in posture and muscle tone

49
Q

What is the clinical significance of the substantia nigra?

A

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra is the pathology of Parkinson’s disease

50
Q

Which side of the body do unilateral basal ganglia lesions affect?

A

Contralateral side

51
Q

What clinical signs do basal ganglia lesions show?

A

Changes in muscle tone

Dyskinesias (abnormal, involuntary movements) including:

  • tremor (sinusoidal movements),
  • chorea (rapid, asymmetrical movements usually affecting distal limb musculature)
  • myoclonus (muscle jerks).
52
Q

Which white matter tracts in the brain connects cortical sites in the same hemisphere?

A

Association fibres

53
Q

The Lumbar Enlargement of the Spinal Cord consists of which spinal nerves?

A

L1 - S4

54
Q

Which spinal cord tract governs fine, precise movements?

A

Corticospinal tract

55
Q

Which artery do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

First part of the subclavian artery

56
Q

What is this structure?

A

The circle of Willis

57
Q

Label these arteries.

A
58
Q

What arteries are branches of the internal carotid at the circle of Willis?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

59
Q

What fissure does the middle cerebral artery travel in?

A

Lateral sulcus

60
Q

Which artery supplies the basal ganglia?

A

Striate branches from the middle cerebral artery

61
Q

What fissure does the anterior cerebral artery travel in?

A

Medial longitudinal fissure

62
Q

Which artery connects the anterior circulation in the brain to the posterior?

A

Posterior communicating arteries

63
Q

What areas of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial and superior cerebral hemisphere

All areas shaded in blue

64
Q

What areas of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral aspect of the brain

All areas in pink

65
Q

What areas of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Inferior and posterior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Cerebellum

Brainstem

All areas in yellow

66
Q

At what level do the two vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery?

A

Inferior aspect of the pons

67
Q

At what level does the basilar artery split to form the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Midbrain

68
Q

What three artery groups supply the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar

Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

69
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses ultimately drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

70
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery

Cranial nerves III, IV, V (branches V1 and V2) and VI

71
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A

Along the margin of the falx cerebri

72
Q

Which sinus is indicated in red?

A

Cavernous sinus

Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions