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Anatomy > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the 12 cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Hypoglossal

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2
Q

What is the first cranial nerve and its function?

A

Olfactory

Conveys sense of smell

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3
Q

What is the second cranial nerve and its function?

A

Optic

Transmits visual information (facilitates vision)

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4
Q

What is the third cranial nerve and its function?

A

Oculomotor

Controls eye movement and pupil constriction

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5
Q

What is the fourth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Trochlear

Controls eye movement

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6
Q

What is the fifth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Trigeminal

Controls the touch and pain sensations from the face and head

The trigeminal nerve also controls the muscles used for chewing

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7
Q

What is the sixth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Abducens

Controls eye movement

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8
Q

What is the seventh cranial nerve and its function?

A

Facial nerve

Controls taste on the front two-thirds of the tongue It also receives information from the ear and controls the muscles of facial expression

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9
Q

What is the eighth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Vestibulocochlear

Controls hearing and balance

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10
Q

What is the ninth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Controls some functions of swallowing as well as taste on the back third of the tongue It conducts information from the tongue, tonsils and pharynx

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11
Q

What is the tenth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Vagus

Controls heart rate, digestion, some of the action of swallowing, is involved in the sneeze and cough relfexes

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12
Q

What is the eleventh cranial nerve and its function?

A

Accessory

Controls the muscles of head movement

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13
Q

What is the twelfth cranial nerve and its function?

A

Hypoglossal

Controls the muscles of the tongue

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14
Q

Which four cranial nerves carry sympathetic fibres?

A

III, VII, IX and X

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor cranial nerves?

A

CN III, IV, VI, XI and XII

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves have their nuclei of origin close to the midline of the brainstem?

A

III, IV, VI, XII

17
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the cervical spinal cord?

A

XI

18
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed nerves?

A

V, VII, IX, and X

19
Q

What information does the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve process?

A

Proprioception from muscles of mastication

20
Q

What is unique about the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in comparison to the rest of the CNS?

A

Is the only site in the CNS where the cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons live inside the CNS

21
Q

Where are the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve found?

A

Stretching from midbrain down to upper 2 parts of cervical spinal cord

22
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A
  1. Tactile sense, pain and temperature sense from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus and thoracic and abdominal viscera
  2. Taste (epiglottis)
  3. Parasympathetic innervation to ganglia serving thoracic and abdominal viscera
  4. Motor (striated muscle of the pharynx and larynx)
23
Q

Which is the only cranial nerve which doesn’t exit the brainstem anteriorly?

A

IV

24
Q

Which is the only sensory modality that doesn’t synapse in the thalamus prior to reaching the cortex?

A

The olfactory nerve

25
Q

Which letter is the superior colliculus?

A

D

26
Q

What is the most common cause of temporary loss of smell?

A

URTI

27
Q

What can cause permanent loss of smell?

A

Frontal meningioma

Trauma (ethmoid bone)

28
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve stem from?

A

Telencephalon

29
Q

Where does the optic nerve stem from?

A

Dienchephalon

30
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate?

A

The middle cerebellar peduncle

31
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the junction of the pons and the medulla?

A

Abducens

32
Q

Which nerves are located at the cerebellopontine angle?

A

Facial nerve

Vestibulocochlear

Anatomy (22 decks)

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