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Anatomy > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Autonomic nerves

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3
Q

What is the purpose of autonomic nerves?

A

Provide communication between brain and organs

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4
Q

What is a group of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

A nucleus

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5
Q

What is a group of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

A ganglion

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6
Q

What is the name given to a bundle of axons travelling together in the CNS?

A

A tract

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7
Q

What is the name given to a bundle of axons travelling together in the PNS?

A

A peripheral nerve

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8
Q

What is the axon or nerve fibre?

A

An “electrical cable” conveying the action potentials

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9
Q

When is the term “nerve” used?

A

When referring to a peripheral nerve

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10
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

An electrical insulator

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11
Q

Does a myelinated or an unmyelinated nerve conduct action potentials faster?

A

Myelinated

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12
Q

What is a peripheral nerve?

A

A bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue travelling together to/from the same region of the body or structure

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13
Q

What is the outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres called?

A

Cerebral neocortex (cortex for short)

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14
Q

What is the name given to the fissure which separates the two cerebral hemispheres sagittally?

A

The longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves could a pathology in the jugular foramen injure?

A

CNS IX, X and XI

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16
Q

Why is the area of the brain deep to the grey matter coloured white?

A

It contains many axons which are myelinated and the myelin gives the whiter appearance

17
Q

In the spinal cord, which is deep and which is superficial of the white and grey matter?

A

White matter is superficial

Grey matter is deep

18
Q

Which structure does the spinal cord pass through to connect with the brain?

A

Foramen magnum of the occipital bone

19
Q

At which level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

20
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Lumbar and sacral spinal roots that descend in the vertebral canal to their respective intervertebral foraminae

21
Q

Which anterior rami mix to make the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

22
Q

What are the five named nerves that stem from the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous nerve
Axillary nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
23
Q

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic axons?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

24
Q

What are the structures of the soma (superficial to deep)?

A 
Skin
Fascia
Skeletal muscle
Skeleton
Internal lining of body cavities e.g. parietal pleura
25
Q

What is the name given to the receptors which detect pain?

A

Nociceptors

26
Q

Which part of the brain is the primary somatosensory area?

A

Parietal lobe

27
Q

Which part of the brain is the primary somatomotor area?

A

Frontal lobe

28
Q

How many neurones are in the somatic motor pathway?

A

2 neurones

29
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An extremely rapid, involuntary response to a potentially harmful stimulus

30
Q

What is paralysis?

A

A muscle without a functioning lower motorneurone is paralysed

31
Q

On examination of a paralysed muscle, what could be noted about the muscle tone?

A

Reduced muscle tone - reduced resistance to stretch?

32
Q

What is spasticity?

A

When a muscle has an intact and functioning lower motorneurone but the descending controls of the brain are not working, and so the muscle over-contracts continuously

33
Q

On examination of a spastic muscle, what could be noted about the muscle tone?

A

Increased tone

34
Q

Which part of the spinal cord do sympathetic axons descend in?

A

White matter

35
Q

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns and why?

A

T1-L2

To accommodate sympathetic neurones

36
Q

Which structures in the body wall does the sympathetic system supply?

A

Skin sweat glands
Skin arrector muscles
All arterioles

Anatomy (22 decks)

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