Upper GI Tract Flashcards
What is the GI tract
Continous tube from the oral cavity to the anus
What lines the GI tract?
Mucosa (epithelium + lamina propria)
What are the components of the GI Tract? (6)
Head: Oral Cavity/Pharynx Neck: Pharynx Oesophagus Chest: Oesophagus Abdomen: Stomach / SI / LI (most) Pelvis: Rectum / Anal canal Perineum: Anus
What are the functions of the oral cavity in the GI tract? (4)
Sensing, salivation, chewing, initiating swallowing
What are the functions of the pharynx in the GI tract? (3)
Defence against infection (tonsils)
Swallowing
Airway protection
What is the function of the oesophagus in the GI tract?
Transit from pharynx to stomach
What are the functions of the stomach & small intestine in the GI tract?
Transit, defence against infection (acid), digestion & abosrption
What are the functions of the Large Intestine and Anus in the GI tract? (4)
Transit, reabsorption of water & electrolytes, stool formation, waste excretion
What makes up the Upper GI tract? (5)
Oral cavity Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine
What makes up the Lower GI tract? (6)
Caecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anal canal Anus
What divides the upper and lower GI tract?
Ileocecal junction
What are the (5) dangers that can prevent solids & liquids passing safely into and out of our stomachs? And which adaptations try to prevent these?
- Poison - taste buds (on epiglottis)
- Sharp or excessively hot/cold substances - sensory receptors
- Bacteria/Viruses, etc. - saliva, tonsils, stomach acid
- Obstruction - chewing, lubrication, swallowing, peristalsis
- Aspiration - cough reflex
Which are the muscles of mastication (4 at each TMJ)?
Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
The medial pterygoid _____ the massester
mimics
The lateral pterygoid attaches to the _______ and pulls the bone to open the mouth
sphenoid bone
What allows for grinding of food?
Isolated movement of the muscles of mastication on either side
Which muscle of facial expression prevents drooling?
Oribicularis Oris - circular muscle surrounding the most
Lays within lips
The oral cavity is lined internally with _____ which has a ___________ for protection
mucosa
stratified squamous epithelium
Where is keratin present in the oral cavity? (2)
Gingivae and hard palate
What is meant by ‘general sensation’? (4)
Pain
Touch
Temperature
Proprioception
The oral cavity is one of the _____ sensitive areas?
most
The tongue is made from______ and covered in_____
skeletal muscle
mucosa
How many different types of papilla does the dorm of the tongue carry?
4
What gives the tongue a rough appearance?
The papilla (finger-like structure)
What is the function of the papillae? (3)
To give surface texture and aid food manipulation
some concerned with taste
The tongue is divided into which two parts?
Posterior (1/3rd) - vertical part
Anterior (2/3rds) - horizontal part
Which muscles make up the tongue?
Extrinsic muscles (4 pairs) - attach tongue to bony skeleton and move tongue around Intrinsic muscle (4 paris) - change shape of tongue during function
What is the function of the Buccinator muscle?
Aids in manipulation of food to position nit between occlusal (biting) surfaces of the teeth
Where is the occlusal surface?
Where the upper and lower jaw connect
Patients are very _____ to changes in their occlusion
sensitive
