Circulatory System Flashcards
What does NVB stand for?
Neurovascular bundle
A “common” artery will..?
Definitely divide again
Arteries are usually ___more superficial / deeper?____ than veins
deeper
Smooth muscle in arterioles allows?
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Arteries have sympathetic tone - what dat?
Tonic low level vasoconstriction due to background, low level Ups by sympathetic nerves
What defines a great vessel?
Directly connected to the heart chambers
The ascending aorta has two branches which are?
Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery
What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?
Braciocephalic trunk
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery
What supplies the head, neck and upper limb?
Braciocephalic - branches into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery
What is the blood supply to the brain?
Vertebral artery
Internal and external carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
What is the circle of Willis made of?
Right internal carotid Basilar (formed by union of 2 vertebral arteries) Right vertebral Left vertebral Left internal carotid artery
What is the most proximal part of the internal carotid artery?
The carotid sinus
What is the function of the carotid sinus?
Uses baroreceptors to sense BP
What innervates the carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
What is the function of the carotid body?
Monitors blood gas/pH levels
What innervates the carotid body?
CN IX
What makes up the blood brain barrier?
Tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocyte processes surrounding brain capillaries
What is the function of the BB?
Prevents diffusion of some substances from capillary to brain tissue
What is an anastamoses?
Arteries connect with each other without intervening capillary
What is the purpose of an anastamosis?
Provide alternate route for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion
What is an end artery?
only arterial blood supply to a territory
Untreated occlusion of an end artery results in?
Infarction of its territory
What is infarction?
Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply
What is the basic upper limb supply?
Left subclavian becomes the axially artery becomes brachial artery which bifurcates into the left radial and left ulnar artery
What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?
Braciocephalic trunk Coronary arteries Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries Abdominal aorta Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Anterior branches: bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal and phrenic arteries
The abdominal aorta branches into?
Iliac arteries
External iliac and internal iliac arteries
The external iliac artery supplies?
The lower limbs
Th internal iliac arteries supply?
The pelvis/perinuem
Vein don’t have pulsatile flow except for the?
JVP
Venous blood is pumped to the hear using?
Venous valves
Contraction of smooth muscle
Reun in pairs with arteries in a sheath: arterial pulsation pushes blood along
Superficial veins drain into ________
deep veins
What are the two venous systems?
Hepatic portal venous system
Systemic venous system
What is the function of the hepatic portal venous system?
Drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GIT and associated organs to the liver for ‘cleaning’
What is the function of the systemic venous system?
Drains all other organs (including the liver) and tissues into the SVC/IVC
Lymphatic capillaries collect?
Tissues fluid (then called lymph)
Lymphatics carry lymph thorugh to?
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes contain? Why?
White blood cells to filter out foreign pathogens and fifth infection/cancer
Lymph eventually returns to central veins in the root of the neck at?
Venous angles
The right lymphatic duct drains into?
The right venous angle
The thoracic duct drains into?
The left venous angle
The lymph nodes are only palpable if?
Fighting infection/cancer
