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First Year Anatomy (JBR) > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does NVB stand for?

A

Neurovascular bundle

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2
Q

A “common” artery will..?

A

Definitely divide again

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3
Q

Arteries are usually ___more superficial / deeper?____ than veins

A

deeper

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4
Q

Smooth muscle in arterioles allows?

A

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Arteries have sympathetic tone - what dat?

A

Tonic low level vasoconstriction due to background, low level Ups by sympathetic nerves

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6
Q

What defines a great vessel?

A

Directly connected to the heart chambers

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7
Q

The ascending aorta has two branches which are?

A

Right coronary artery

Left coronary artery

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8
Q

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?

A

Braciocephalic trunk
Left subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery

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9
Q

What supplies the head, neck and upper limb?

A

Braciocephalic - branches into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery

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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the brain?

A

Vertebral artery
Internal and external carotid artery
Right common carotid artery

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11
Q

What is the circle of Willis made of?

A 
Right internal carotid
Basilar (formed by union of 2 vertebral arteries)
Right vertebral
Left vertebral
Left internal carotid artery
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12
Q

What is the most proximal part of the internal carotid artery?

A

The carotid sinus

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13
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

Uses baroreceptors to sense BP

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14
Q

What innervates the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX

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15
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A

Monitors blood gas/pH levels

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16
Q

What innervates the carotid body?

A

CN IX

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17
Q

What makes up the blood brain barrier?

A

Tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocyte processes surrounding brain capillaries

18
Q

What is the function of the BB?

A

Prevents diffusion of some substances from capillary to brain tissue

19
Q

What is an anastamoses?

A

Arteries connect with each other without intervening capillary

20
Q

What is the purpose of an anastamosis?

A

Provide alternate route for blood flow to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion

21
Q

What is an end artery?

A

only arterial blood supply to a territory

22
Q

Untreated occlusion of an end artery results in?

A

Infarction of its territory

23
Q

What is infarction?

A

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

24
Q

What is the basic upper limb supply?

A

Left subclavian becomes the axially artery becomes brachial artery which bifurcates into the left radial and left ulnar artery

25
Q

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

A 
Braciocephalic trunk
Coronary arteries
Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
Abdominal aorta
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Anterior branches: bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal and phrenic arteries
26
Q

The abdominal aorta branches into?

A

Iliac arteries

External iliac and internal iliac arteries

27
Q

The external iliac artery supplies?

A

The lower limbs

28
Q

Th internal iliac arteries supply?

A

The pelvis/perinuem

29
Q

Vein don’t have pulsatile flow except for the?

A

JVP

30
Q

Venous blood is pumped to the hear using?

A

Venous valves
Contraction of smooth muscle
Reun in pairs with arteries in a sheath: arterial pulsation pushes blood along

31
Q

Superficial veins drain into ________

A

deep veins

32
Q

What are the two venous systems?

A

Hepatic portal venous system

Systemic venous system

33
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal venous system?

A

Drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GIT and associated organs to the liver for ‘cleaning’

34
Q

What is the function of the systemic venous system?

A

Drains all other organs (including the liver) and tissues into the SVC/IVC

35
Q

Lymphatic capillaries collect?

A

Tissues fluid (then called lymph)

36
Q

Lymphatics carry lymph thorugh to?

A

Lymph nodes

37
Q

Lymph nodes contain? Why?

A

White blood cells to filter out foreign pathogens and fifth infection/cancer

38
Q

Lymph eventually returns to central veins in the root of the neck at?

A

Venous angles

39
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains into?

A

The right venous angle

40
Q

The thoracic duct drains into?

A

The left venous angle

41
Q

The lymph nodes are only palpable if?

A

Fighting infection/cancer

First Year Anatomy (JBR) (14 decks)

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