Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the male and female gametes?
Male = Spermatozoa (Sperm) Female = Oocyte (egg)
Are gametes haploid or diploid cells?
Haploid
What are the male gonads and what is their function?
Testis; Sperm production
What are the female goods and what is their function?
Ovaires; Oocyte production
What happens during fertilisation?
Combination of male and female gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Where does normal fertilisation take place?
Ampulla of the uterine/fallopian tube
What separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum?
Pelvic floor - and internal wall of skeletal muscle
Is the perineum inferior or superior to the pelvic floor?
Inferior
Which openings are there in the pelvic floor?
Distal alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts pass through
What is the pelvic roof formed by?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the lining of the abdominal cavity?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the most anterior structure in males?
The bladder (sometimes called the vesicle)
What are the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries
What are the accessory reproductive organs?
Uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
What are the 3 layer of the uterus wall?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Which layer of the uterus wall is shed during menstruation?
Endometrium
Where does the ova develop?
ovaries
How many ovums are released from the surface of the ovary into the peritoneal cavity per menstrual cycle?
1
The ovum is gathered by fimbriae into the ____ of the uterine tube
Infundibulum
The ovum is moved along the uterine tube by___?
cilia
During menstruation and unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the ______
Myometrium
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilised ovum implants outwit the uterine cavity
What is the danger of ectopic pregnancy
Danger of haemorrhage
How does voluntary female sterilisation occur?
Tubal ligation of both uterine tubes – clipped, cut or cauterised – to block the lumen
Can female sterilisation be reversed?
Not designed - possible if done microscopically
What is the anatomical position of the penis?
Erect
What is the function of the urethra?
Passing of urine AND ejaculation of sperm
Where do the testis originate during development?
Posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
The testes descend into the scrotum by birth through the_________
anterior abdominal wall - inguinal canal
What is the tube that sperm pass through following the testis into the scrotums?
The vas (deferens)
Where is sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
What is the temperature in the scrotum?
Approximately 1°C below core body temperature
Where does sperm pass to from the testis? (2 steps towards vas)
Rete testis and then into the epididymis which becomes the vas deferent
What adaptation of the scrotum allows reaction to changes in temperature?
Surrounded by smooth muscle - can contract/relax accordingly
What does the spermatic cord contain?
Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
What is testicular torsion and why is it dangerous?
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Disrupts blood supply causing severe pain
Danger of testicular necrosis
How is having a plexus of veins an adaptation?
Allows exchange of heat optimising the environment for the product not spermatozoa
What causes erection? Sympathetic or parasympathetic control?
parasympathetic control
What happens during erection?
Arteries widen and since the outer fibrous part doesn’t really expand much the vein is restricted preventing blood flowing back; causing an erection
What are the male reproductive organs?
Testis
What are the male accessory reproductive organs?
Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis
The urethra opens at the ______ of the penis
External urethral meatus
Where does each vas deferent lie within?
Spermatic cord
Each spermatic cor passes through the anterior abdominal wall within the ________ to reach the pelvic cavity
inguinal canal
The vas deferent connects with the duct from a seminal gland to form an _______ containing semen
Ejaculatory duct
The right and left ejaculatory ducts join together within the prostate gland and drain into the ___
urethra
