Cardiovascular System Flashcards
CVS consists of…
Arterial system + Heart + Venous System
The arterial system is made of…
all the arteries of the body, carrying blood away from the heart
The pump of the CVS is the…
Heart
The venous system is made of…
all the veins of the body, carrying blood towards the heart
The 2 main circulations of the CVS are the..
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation
The average pulse rate is..
70 bpm
Cardiac arrest is..
when the heart stops
Heart failure is…
the the heart fails to pump well enough causing other organs to fail as well
The body cavity is surrounded by…
ribs, vertebrae, sternum and associated skin, muscle & fascia
The Heart is located…
in the inferior middle mediastinum
Pericardium is made of which two layers?
Fibrous and serous pericardium
What characterises fibrous pericardium and what is it’s function?
Though & thick
Protective function: prevents overfilling
What is cardiac tamponade?
When the pericardial cavity fills with blood (Haemopericardium) the increased pressure can prevent contraction
What characterises serous pericardium and what is it’s function?
Membranous, glistening, thin
Secretes serous fluid
Visceral serous pericardium covers..
the heart
Parietal serous pericardium..
lines fibrous pericardium
What are the three layers of tissue that make up the heart?
Epicardium - Myocardium - Endocardium
What is the epicardium of the heart made of?
Visceral serous pericardium
What is the myocardium of the heart made of?
Muscle
What is the normal route of electrical conduction in the heart?
Electrical impulse starts spontaneously at SA node
Travels to AV node at atrioventricular septum
Travels down right & left bundles in the inter ventricular septum
Spreads out to myocardium through conducting (Purkinje) fibres
What is the function of the fibrous cardiac skeleton?
Acts as an electrical insulator
Ensures that atrial contract his complete so that the ventricles don’t contract before the atria have contracted and emptied into the ventricles
What is fibrillation?
Uncoordinated contraction of myocytes that results in inefficient pumping that can be fatal if affecting the ventricles
Which external factors affect heart rate & force of contraction?
Sensory (pain) nerves, motor nerves which supply the nodes & myocytes, circulating hormones
What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate & contraction force?
Increase both
What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate & contraction force?
Decrease both
What effect does epinephrine / adrenaline have on the heart?
Speeds up heart rate & increases force of contraction
