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First Year Anatomy (JBR) > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

CVS consists of…

A

Arterial system + Heart + Venous System

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2
Q

The arterial system is made of…

A

all the arteries of the body, carrying blood away from the heart

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3
Q

The pump of the CVS is the…

A

Heart

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4
Q

The venous system is made of…

A

all the veins of the body, carrying blood towards the heart

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5
Q

The 2 main circulations of the CVS are the..

A

Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

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6
Q

The average pulse rate is..

A

70 bpm

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7
Q

Cardiac arrest is..

A

when the heart stops

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8
Q

Heart failure is…

A

the the heart fails to pump well enough causing other organs to fail as well

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9
Q

The body cavity is surrounded by…

A

ribs, vertebrae, sternum and associated skin, muscle & fascia

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10
Q

The Heart is located…

A

in the inferior middle mediastinum

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11
Q

Pericardium is made of which two layers?

A

Fibrous and serous pericardium

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12
Q

What characterises fibrous pericardium and what is it’s function?

A

Though & thick

Protective function: prevents overfilling

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13
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

When the pericardial cavity fills with blood (Haemopericardium) the increased pressure can prevent contraction

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14
Q

What characterises serous pericardium and what is it’s function?

A

Membranous, glistening, thin

Secretes serous fluid

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15
Q

Visceral serous pericardium covers..

A

the heart

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16
Q

Parietal serous pericardium..

A

lines fibrous pericardium

17
Q

What are the three layers of tissue that make up the heart?

A

Epicardium - Myocardium - Endocardium

18
Q

What is the epicardium of the heart made of?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

19
Q

What is the myocardium of the heart made of?

A

Muscle

20
Q

What is the normal route of electrical conduction in the heart?

A

Electrical impulse starts spontaneously at SA node
Travels to AV node at atrioventricular septum
Travels down right & left bundles in the inter ventricular septum
Spreads out to myocardium through conducting (Purkinje) fibres

21
Q

What is the function of the fibrous cardiac skeleton?

A

Acts as an electrical insulator
Ensures that atrial contract his complete so that the ventricles don’t contract before the atria have contracted and emptied into the ventricles

22
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

Uncoordinated contraction of myocytes that results in inefficient pumping that can be fatal if affecting the ventricles

23
Q

Which external factors affect heart rate & force of contraction?

A

Sensory (pain) nerves, motor nerves which supply the nodes & myocytes, circulating hormones

24
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on heart rate & contraction force?

A

Increase both

25
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic nerves on heart rate & contraction force?

A

Decrease both

26
Q

What effect does epinephrine / adrenaline have on the heart?

A

Speeds up heart rate & increases force of contraction

First Year Anatomy (JBR) (14 decks)

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