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First Year Anatomy (JBR) > Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

At which vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

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2
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

A space/area surrounded by a body wall

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3
Q

What forms a body wall?

A

Skeleton

Muscle

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4
Q

Which bones form the abdominal cavity?

A

Ribs
Spine
Pelvis

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5
Q

Which muscles form the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm
Back
Anterolateral wall

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6
Q

What type of membrane is the peritoneum?

A

Continous serous membrane

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7
Q

Which two layers define the peritoneal cavity?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

Parietal serous pericardium

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8
Q

What is located in the peritoneal cavity (under normal circumstances)?

A

Small amount of peritoneal fluid secret by the peritoneum

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9
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of peritoneum caused by surgery/trauma

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10
Q

Peritonitis leads to guarding. What is guarding?

A

Stiffening of the abdominal wall

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11
Q

What are the intraperitoneal abdominal organs?

A

Liver and gall bladder
Stomach
Spleen
Parts of the SI and LI

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12
Q

What are the retroperitoneal abdominal organs?

A

Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Parts of the SI and LI

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13
Q

What shape is the stomach?

A

J-shape

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14
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

(mainly) left upper quadrant

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15
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Defence against infection by production of stomach acid - digestion - production of chyme
and absorption

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16
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

If contracted it constricts food entering the duodenum

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17
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Responsible for transit, digestion and absorption

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18
Q

What attaches the small intestine to the body wall?

A

Mesentery

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19
Q

Where is the small intestine located?

A

In all 4 quadrants

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20
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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21
Q

What is mesentery?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects the intraperitoneal organs to the body wall and allows passage of neurovasculature

22
Q

What is the function of the LI?

A

Transit, reabsorption of water and electrolytes, and stool ofrmation

23
Q

What are the components of the LI?

A 
Caecum 
Ascending colon (retroperitoneal)
Transverse colon (intraperitoneal) 
Descending colon (retroperitoneal)
Sigoimd colon (intraperitoneaL)
24
Q

Rectum and anus are the terminal end of the LI. What is their function?

A

Stool formation

Waste excretion

25
Q

The muscular wall of the rectal and anal canal is _____ muscle

A

Smooth

26
Q

The sphincter forming the anus is ____ muscle

A

Skeletal

27
Q

By which mechanisms does the GI tract move contents distally?

A

Peristalsis

28
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Waves of simultaneous shortening of the length or a segment of the tube contracting the outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
+
Narrowing of the luminal diameter of that segment by contracting inner circular layer of smooth muscle

29
Q

Which sphincters control flow through the GI tract?

A

Cricopharyngeal
Pyloric
External anal

30
Q

Where is the circopharyngeal sphincter?

A

Between the laryngopharynx and oesophagus (prevent regurgitation)

31
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Between stomach and duodenum

Control release of chyme from stomach

32
Q

Where is the external anal sphincter?

A

Between the anus and external environment to control the release of stool from the anal canal

33
Q

What is part of the foregut?

A

Oesophagus - mid duodenum
Liver and gall bladder
Spleen
1/2 pancreas

34
Q

What is part of the midgut?

A

Mid duodenum - proximal 2/3 of transverse colon + 1/2 pancreas

35
Q

What is part of the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon - proximal 1/2 of anal canal

36
Q

The aorta passes through the duodenum and descends in the ________

A

retroperitoneum

37
Q

The IVC ascend in the __________ and passes through the diaphragm

A

retroperitoneum

38
Q

What is the arterial supply to the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

39
Q

What is the arterial supply to the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

40
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

41
Q

What is the venous drainage from the foregut?

A

Splenic vein

42
Q

What is the venous drainage from the midgut?

A

SMV

43
Q

What is the venous drainage from the hindgut?

A

IMV

44
Q

The splenic vein, SMV and IMV combine to form the?

A

Hepatic portal vein

45
Q

Venous drainage from the GI tract goes to which organ first?

A

Liver

46
Q

What is the function of the portal venous system?

A

Drains from absorptive parts of the GIT and associated organs to the liver via the hepatic portal vein

47
Q

Foregut structures drain their lymph via lymph nodes located along the _________ artery towards the _______ nodes

A

splenic

coeliac

48
Q

Midgut structure drain their lymph via nodes located along the ____________ artery towards the ___________ nodes

A

SMA

Superior mesenteric

49
Q

Hindgut structures drain they lymph via nodes located along the ________ artery towards the ________ nodes

A

inferior mesenteric

inferior mesenteric

50
Q

What can result in obstruction/blockage of the GIT?

A

External compression or internal obstructuion

51
Q

What is the body’s response to obstruction/blockage of the GIT?

A

Increase peristalsis proximal to the site of obstruction to attempt to remove it

52
Q

What type of pain does a patient with a GIT obstruction/Blockage tend to experience?

A

Colicky pain

First Year Anatomy (JBR) (14 decks)

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