Upper GI Histo

Question 1

what is the shape of taste buds? what do they have to help sense taste?

Answer 1

barrel shaped

have microvilli that project into the oral cavity

Question 2

what are the two types of cells in salivary glands?

Answer 2

mucous and serous

Question 3

what do serous cells secrete in slaivary gland? what about mucous cells?

Answer 3

serous secrete protein and mucous secrete mucinogen

Question 4

mucous cell collections often have a cell that overlays them…what is this cell called? what does it secrete?

Answer 4

serous demilunes and they secrete lysozyme

Question 5

what is the role of the myoepithelial cell? where is it located?

Answer 5

it is located in the salivary glands and it maintains the integrity of the salivary unit

Question 6

describe the route that secretions from serous or mucous cells follow

Answer 6

exit cells and enter the intercalated ducts then enter the striated or intralobular ducts and then enter the oral cavity

Question 7

what are the two duct types in the salivary glands?

Answer 7

intercalated ducts

striated or intralobular ducts

Question 8

what is the role played by the striated or intralobular ducts? what allows this to occur?

Answer 8

they suck up NaCl and put bicarb and K into the mucous…need tons of mitochondria to do this

Question 9

parotid glands are serous, mucous or both?

Answer 9

serous

Question 10

submandibular glands are serous, mucous or mixed?

Answer 10

mixed

Question 11

sublingual glands are serous, mucous or mixed?

Answer 11

mixed

Question 12

list the seven layers of the basic organization of the GI tract

Answer 12

Mucosa has the epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Adventitia (Serosa if peritoneum)

Question 13

what is the role of the muscularis mucosae?

Answer 13

to keep the inner layers of the digestive organs from wrinkling

Question 14

how many layers of muscle are there in the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

Answer 14

two

Question 15

the inner layer of muscle in esophagus is circular or longitudinal?

Answer 15

circular

Question 16

the outer layer of muscle in esophagus is circular or longitudinal?

Answer 16

longitudinal

Question 17

what is the epithelium type in the esophagus?

Answer 17

stratified squamous

Question 18

what is the epithelium type in the stomach?

Answer 18

simple columnar

Question 19

what type of glands are present in the lamina propria of the esophagus? what about the submucosa?

Answer 19

lamina is cardiac glands and submucosa is esophagus glands

Question 20

what does the submucosa of the stomach have that helps increas surface area?

Answer 20

rugae

Question 21

how many layers of muscle are there in the muscularis externa of the stomach?

Answer 21

three

Question 22

name the six main cells types that are in the stomach

Answer 22

surface lining cell
mucous neck cell
parietal cell
chief cell
enteroendocrine cell
regenerating cell

Question 23

where is the surface lining cell found in the stomach?

Answer 23

epithelial surface of the entire stomach

Question 24

where is the mucous neck cell found in the stomach?

Answer 24

necks of the gastric pits in all regions of the stomach

Question 25

what do surface lining cells secrete into the lumen of the stomach?

Answer 25

mucinogen

Question 26

where are chief cells found in the stomach?

Answer 26

in the body and fundus at the base of the gastric pits

Question 27

what two things do chief cells secrete?

Answer 27

pepsinogen and lipase

Question 28

where are parietal cells found in the stomach?

Answer 28

midway down gastric pits…between mucous neck cells and chief cells…in all regions of stomach

Question 29

what two things do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 29

HCL and gastric intrinsic factor

Question 30

what is unique about parietal cells when they are stimulated to release the HCL?

Answer 30

they can recanalize and allow for better emptying of their contents…they pretty much can morph

Question 31

where are eneteroendocrine cells found in the stomach? what is their role?

Answer 31

in the very base of the gastric glands..they secrete hormones into the blood…use an apical part to monitor the stomach contents

Question 32

where are regenerative cells found?

Answer 32

necks of the stomach glands all over the stomach

Question 33

what is the type of gland found in the cardiac and pyoric regions?

Answer 33

simple coiled tubular

Question 34

what is the type of gland that is found in the FUNDIC (body and fundus) glands?

Answer 34

simple branhced tubular