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GI Prep > Embryology of Face and Mouth > Flashcards

Embryology of Face and Mouth Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pharyngeal arch?

A

the bulges

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2
Q

what is the pharyngeal cleft/groove?

A

external invagination between two arches

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3
Q

what is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

internal invagination between arches

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4
Q

what is a pharyngeal membrane?

A

tissue separating cleft and pouch

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5
Q

the external layer of an arch is what tissue layer?

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

the internal lining of an arch is what tissue layer?

A

endoderm

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7
Q

the core of an arch is what two tissue layers?

A

mesoderm and neural crest cells

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8
Q

mesoderm from arches lead to what two tissue types?

A

muscle and vessels

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9
Q

neural crest cells in arches lead to what tissue type?

A

skeletal tissues

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10
Q

structures of arch 1 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

five…trigeminal

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11
Q

structures of arch 2 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

facial…seven

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12
Q

structures of arch 3 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal 9

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13
Q

structures of arch 4 and 6 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

A

10…vagus

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14
Q

name the three facial regions that join to make our faces during development

A

frontonasal
maxillary
mandibular

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15
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 is also known as what?

A

mandibular arch

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16
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what portion of the face?

A

lower 2/3

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17
Q

what does pharyngeal arch 1 divide into to form the face?

A

mandibular and maxillary processes

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18
Q

the maxillary process from pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what four skeletal bones?

A

maxillary, palate, zygomatic, portion of temporal bone

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19
Q

the mandibular process from the pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what six bones and ligaments?

A 
mandible
sphenomandibular ligament
spine of sphenoid bone
malleus and incus
anterior ligament of malleus
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20
Q

the incus and malleus are derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1…mandibular process

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21
Q

what main muscle group comes from the pharyngeal arch 1?

A

muscles of mastication

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22
Q

the mylohyoid originates from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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23
Q

the anterior belly of the digastric originates from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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24
Q

the tensor tympani originates from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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25
Q

the tensor veli palatini originates from what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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26
Q

how does the lower lip form?

A

mandibular process fuses in the midline

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27
Q

what three things must fuse to make the upper lip?

A

left and right maxillary processes and the medial nasal processes

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28
Q

what three things fuse to make the palate? what shape does the fusion occur in?

A

left and right maxillary processes and medial nasal process

shape is a Y shape

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29
Q

the primary palate is from what process?

A

medial nasal process

30
Q

the secondary palate is from what process?

A

maxillary processes

31
Q

what is the incisive foramen?

A

the middle of the Y formation when the palate comes together in development

32
Q

if something anterior to the incisive foramen does not fuse what is it called? what about posterior?

A

anterior is cleft lip

posterior is cleft palate

33
Q

pharyngeal arch 2 leads to what skeletal bone?

A

hyoid bone

34
Q

what arch leads to the stapes in the ear

A

pharyngeal arch 2

35
Q

what arch leads to syloid process?

A

pharyngeal arch 2

36
Q

what arch leads to sylohyoid ligament?

A

arch 2

37
Q

name the four pieces of cartilage that pharyngeal arch 2 leads to?

A

hyoid bone, stlohyoid ligament, styloid process and stapes

38
Q

what arch leads to muscles of facial expression?

A

arch 2

39
Q

what arch leads to posterior belly of digastric?

A

arch 2

40
Q

what arch leads to sylohyoid muscle?

A

arch 2

41
Q

what arch leads to stapedius muscle?

A

arch2

42
Q

what bone does arch 3 help make?

A

hyoid bone

43
Q

what muscle does arch 3 lead to?

A

stylopharyngeus

44
Q

what arch leads to the cartilages in the neck like the cricoid, arytenoid, and thyroid?

A

arch 4 and 6

45
Q

what arch leads to pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

arch 4

46
Q

what arch leads to cricothyroid muscle?

A

arch 4

47
Q

what arch leads to levator veli palatini muscle?

A

arch 4

48
Q

what arch leads to all laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid?

A

arch 6

49
Q

vasculature from arch 3 leads to what artery?

A

common carotid

50
Q

vasculature from arch 4 leads to what arteries?

A

right subclavian and arch of aorta

51
Q

vasculature from arch 6 leads to what arteries?

A

pulmonary arteries

52
Q

which arch lead to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

arch 1

53
Q

which arch leads to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

arch 3

54
Q

which arch leads to base and epiglottis of tongue?

A

arch 4

55
Q

which cranial nerve is in charge of taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?`

A

cranial nerve 7 or facial

56
Q

which pharyngeal groove/cleft remains and actually leads to something?

A

pharyngeal groove 1

57
Q

what does pharyngeal groove 1 lead to?

A

external auditory meatus

58
Q

what tissue are pharyngeal grooves from?

A

ectoderm

59
Q

if you have overgrowth of pharyngeal groove 1…what does it lead to?

A

a cervical vesicle

60
Q

what can a cervical vesicle or sinus become?

A

branchial cleft cyst

61
Q

what tissue are pharyngeal pouches derived from?

A

endoderm

62
Q

pharyngeal pouch 1 leads to what structure?

A

eustachian tube

63
Q

pharyngeal pouch 2 leads to what structure?

A

palatine tonsil

64
Q

pharyngeal pouch 3 leads to what structures?

A

thymus

inferior parathyroids

65
Q

pharyngeal pouch 4 leads to what structure?

A

superior parathyroids

66
Q

DiGeorges syndrome is a defect in what two pharyngeal pouches?

A

pouches 3 and 4

67
Q

which pharyngeal membrane remains and leads to something?

A

pharyngeal membrane 1

68
Q

what does pharyngeal membrane lead to?

A

tympanic membrane

69
Q

the auricle of the ear develops from what two structures?

A

pharyngeal arch 1 and 2

70
Q

external acoustic meatus comes from what structure?

A

cleft 1

71
Q

tympanic membrane comes from what structure?

A

membrane 1

72
Q

eustachian tube comes from what structure?

A

pouch 1

GI Prep (12 decks)

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