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GI Prep > Abdominal Anatomy > Flashcards

Abdominal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where do arteries supplying the esophagus arise from?

A

aorta and bronchial arteries

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2
Q

how many layers of muscle does the esophagus have?

A

three

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3
Q

what are the two types of muscle in the esophagus? where are these two types located in terms of upper middle and lower portions of the esophageal layers?

A

smooth and skeletal
Upper is skeletal
middle is a mix
lower is smooth

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4
Q

the outer layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?

A

outer is longitudinal skeletal muscle

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5
Q

the inner layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?

A

inner circular smooth muscle

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6
Q

what is the muscle of the esophagus called as a whole?

A

muscularis externa

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7
Q

where is the fundus located in the stomach?

A

the top of the stomach…furthest point from exit of stomach

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8
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle are in the stomach? name them

A

3….inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

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9
Q

what is a magenstrasse of the stomach?

A

the quickest route for food to travel to the pyloric sphincter from the LES

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10
Q

what part of the small intestine has a gland? name the gland

A

dueodenum..called Brunners gland

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11
Q

what is the function of brunners gland?

A

secrete alkaline fluid to cancel the acidity of chyme

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12
Q

what are the unique foldings of the jejunum called?

A

plicae circulares

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13
Q

what is the lymphatic tissue in the ileum called?

A

peyers patches

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14
Q

what portion of the SI has peyers patches?

A

ileum

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15
Q

what portion of the SI has plicae circularis?

A

jejunum

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16
Q

name the four parts of the duodenum

A

superior
descending
inferior or transverse
ascending

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17
Q

which two parts of duodenum are in foregut and which two in midgut?

A

superior and descending in foregut

transverse and ascending in midgut

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18
Q

what part of duodenum do most ulcers occur?

A

superior or part 1

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19
Q

what two openings are found in the second or descending portion of the duodenum?

A

major and minor papilla

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20
Q

what travels through the major and minor papilla?

A

major is the common bile and main pancreatic ducts

minor is accessory pancreatic duct

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21
Q

what vessel does the transverse portion of the duodenum cross over? what vessel lies on top of the transverse portion?

A

crosses the aorta and superior mesenteric lies on top of it

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22
Q

what ligament holds the ascending portion of the duodenum in place?

A

ligament of treitz or suspensory ligament

23
Q

the suspensory ligament or ligament of treitz is made of what type of tissue?

A

skeletal muscle

24
Q

what quadrant is the jejunum located in?

A

LUQ

25
Q

what quadrant is the ileum located in?

A

RLQ

26
Q

what vessels supply blood to the jejunum and the ileum?

A

the vasa recta

27
Q

what feeds that vasa recta in the ileum and jejunum? which of the ileum jejunum has more of these vessels and shorter vasa recta?

A

arterial arcades…ileum has more arcades and shorter vasa rectas

28
Q

where is the cecum located in relation to the ileocecal valve?

A

inferior to the valve in the RLQ

29
Q

what is an important thing that lies in the cecal area?

A

appendix

30
Q

the vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation up until what point in the digestive tract? what does it switch to at this point?

A

midway across the transverse colon

switches to sacral region…S2-S4

31
Q

in the rectum…what is the name of the location that stores feces?

A

ampulla

32
Q

what three arteries/veins are feeding the rectum?

A

superior middles and inferior rectal

33
Q

which of the three arteries/veins that feed the rectum are part of the portal system? and which are part of the caval systemic system?

A

superior is portal and middle and inferior are systemic and can anastamose

34
Q

what is the pectinate line? where is it located?

A

line just below the rigid area in the anal canal…divides the anal canal into an area that can still absorb and an area that cannot

35
Q

what lies above the pectinate line in the anal canal…the absorbing area or ready to shit area?

A

absorbing area

36
Q

what lies below the pectinate line in the anal canal…the absorbing area or ready to shit area?

A

shit area

37
Q

above the pectinate line…where does venous drainage go?

A

portal system

38
Q

below the pectinate line…where does venous drainage go?

A

systemically

39
Q

how many sphincters are there in the anus? name them

A

2..internal and external

40
Q

which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by smooth muscle?

A

internal

41
Q

which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by skeletal muscle?

A

external

42
Q

name the two recesses of the liver

A

subphrenic

hepatorenal

43
Q

what do the coronary and triangular ligaments attach the liver to?

A

diaphragm

44
Q

what does the falciform ligament attach the liver to?

A

anterior abdominal wall

45
Q

what two things enter the porta hepatis and what exits it?

A

portal vein and hepatic arteries enter

hepatic ducts exit

46
Q

name the four lobes of the liver…which lobe includes two of the others?

A

right lobe
left lobe (includes caudate and quadrate)
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

47
Q

the hepatic ducts converge and become what? and this travels into what structure?

A

common hepatic duct…travel into gallbladder

48
Q

the gallbladder releases bile into what? and the bile travels into what?

A

cystic duct into common bile duct…duodenum through major papillae

49
Q

which two GI arterial systems does the pancreas receive blood from?

A

celiac and superior mesenteric

50
Q

the foregut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

A

celiac ganglion

51
Q

the midgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

A

aorticorenal and superior mesentery ganglion

52
Q

the hindgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

53
Q

the foregut and midgut receive para innervation from what structure? what about the hindgut?

A

fore and mid is vagus

hind is sacral

GI Prep (12 decks)

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