Abdominal Anatomy Flashcards
where do arteries supplying the esophagus arise from?
aorta and bronchial arteries
how many layers of muscle does the esophagus have?
three
what are the two types of muscle in the esophagus? where are these two types located in terms of upper middle and lower portions of the esophageal layers?
smooth and skeletal
Upper is skeletal
middle is a mix
lower is smooth
the outer layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?
outer is longitudinal skeletal muscle
the inner layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?
inner circular smooth muscle
what is the muscle of the esophagus called as a whole?
muscularis externa
where is the fundus located in the stomach?
the top of the stomach…furthest point from exit of stomach
how many layers of smooth muscle are in the stomach? name them
3….inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal
what is a magenstrasse of the stomach?
the quickest route for food to travel to the pyloric sphincter from the LES
what part of the small intestine has a gland? name the gland
dueodenum..called Brunners gland
what is the function of brunners gland?
secrete alkaline fluid to cancel the acidity of chyme
what are the unique foldings of the jejunum called?
plicae circulares
what is the lymphatic tissue in the ileum called?
peyers patches
what portion of the SI has peyers patches?
ileum
what portion of the SI has plicae circularis?
jejunum
name the four parts of the duodenum
superior
descending
inferior or transverse
ascending
which two parts of duodenum are in foregut and which two in midgut?
superior and descending in foregut
transverse and ascending in midgut
what part of duodenum do most ulcers occur?
superior or part 1
what two openings are found in the second or descending portion of the duodenum?
major and minor papilla
what travels through the major and minor papilla?
major is the common bile and main pancreatic ducts
minor is accessory pancreatic duct
what vessel does the transverse portion of the duodenum cross over? what vessel lies on top of the transverse portion?
crosses the aorta and superior mesenteric lies on top of it
what ligament holds the ascending portion of the duodenum in place?
ligament of treitz or suspensory ligament
the suspensory ligament or ligament of treitz is made of what type of tissue?
skeletal muscle
what quadrant is the jejunum located in?
LUQ
what quadrant is the ileum located in?
RLQ
what vessels supply blood to the jejunum and the ileum?
the vasa recta
what feeds that vasa recta in the ileum and jejunum? which of the ileum jejunum has more of these vessels and shorter vasa recta?
arterial arcades…ileum has more arcades and shorter vasa rectas
where is the cecum located in relation to the ileocecal valve?
inferior to the valve in the RLQ
what is an important thing that lies in the cecal area?
appendix
the vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation up until what point in the digestive tract? what does it switch to at this point?
midway across the transverse colon
switches to sacral region…S2-S4
in the rectum…what is the name of the location that stores feces?
ampulla
what three arteries/veins are feeding the rectum?
superior middles and inferior rectal
which of the three arteries/veins that feed the rectum are part of the portal system? and which are part of the caval systemic system?
superior is portal and middle and inferior are systemic and can anastamose
what is the pectinate line? where is it located?
line just below the rigid area in the anal canal…divides the anal canal into an area that can still absorb and an area that cannot
what lies above the pectinate line in the anal canal…the absorbing area or ready to shit area?
absorbing area
what lies below the pectinate line in the anal canal…the absorbing area or ready to shit area?
shit area
above the pectinate line…where does venous drainage go?
portal system
below the pectinate line…where does venous drainage go?
systemically
how many sphincters are there in the anus? name them
2..internal and external
which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by smooth muscle?
internal
which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by skeletal muscle?
external
name the two recesses of the liver
subphrenic
hepatorenal
what do the coronary and triangular ligaments attach the liver to?
diaphragm
what does the falciform ligament attach the liver to?
anterior abdominal wall
what two things enter the porta hepatis and what exits it?
portal vein and hepatic arteries enter
hepatic ducts exit
name the four lobes of the liver…which lobe includes two of the others?
right lobe
left lobe (includes caudate and quadrate)
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
the hepatic ducts converge and become what? and this travels into what structure?
common hepatic duct…travel into gallbladder
the gallbladder releases bile into what? and the bile travels into what?
cystic duct into common bile duct…duodenum through major papillae
which two GI arterial systems does the pancreas receive blood from?
celiac and superior mesenteric
the foregut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?
celiac ganglion
the midgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?
aorticorenal and superior mesentery ganglion
the hindgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp…where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?
inferior mesenteric ganglion
the foregut and midgut receive para innervation from what structure? what about the hindgut?
fore and mid is vagus
hind is sacral
