Abdominal Anatomy

Question 1

where do arteries supplying the esophagus arise from?

Answer 1

aorta and bronchial arteries

Question 2

how many layers of muscle does the esophagus have?

Answer 2

three

Question 3

what are the two types of muscle in the esophagus? where are these two types located in terms of upper middle and lower portions of the esophageal layers?

Answer 3

smooth and skeletal
Upper is skeletal
middle is a mix
lower is smooth

Question 4

the outer layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?

Answer 4

outer is longitudinal skeletal muscle

Question 5

the inner layer of muscle in the esophagus is what type of muscle? how is it oriented?

Answer 5

inner circular smooth muscle

Question 6

what is the muscle of the esophagus called as a whole?

Answer 6

muscularis externa

Question 7

where is the fundus located in the stomach?

Answer 7

the top of the stomach…furthest point from exit of stomach

Question 8

how many layers of smooth muscle are in the stomach? name them

Answer 8

3….inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

Question 9

what is a magenstrasse of the stomach?

Answer 9

the quickest route for food to travel to the pyloric sphincter from the LES

Question 10

what part of the small intestine has a gland? name the gland

Answer 10

dueodenum..called Brunners gland

Question 11

what is the function of brunners gland?

Answer 11

secrete alkaline fluid to cancel the acidity of chyme

Question 12

what are the unique foldings of the jejunum called?

Answer 12

plicae circulares

Question 13

what is the lymphatic tissue in the ileum called?

Answer 13

peyers patches

Question 14

what portion of the SI has peyers patches?

Answer 14

ileum

Question 15

what portion of the SI has plicae circularis?

Answer 15

jejunum

Question 16

name the four parts of the duodenum

Answer 16

superior
descending
inferior or transverse
ascending

Question 17

which two parts of duodenum are in foregut and which two in midgut?

Answer 17

superior and descending in foregut

transverse and ascending in midgut

Question 18

what part of duodenum do most ulcers occur?

Answer 18

superior or part 1

Question 19

what two openings are found in the second or descending portion of the duodenum?

Answer 19

major and minor papilla

Question 20

what travels through the major and minor papilla?

Answer 20

major is the common bile and main pancreatic ducts

minor is accessory pancreatic duct

Question 21

what vessel does the transverse portion of the duodenum cross over? what vessel lies on top of the transverse portion?

Answer 21

crosses the aorta and superior mesenteric lies on top of it

Question 22

what ligament holds the ascending portion of the duodenum in place?

Answer 22

ligament of treitz or suspensory ligament

Question 23

the suspensory ligament or ligament of treitz is made of what type of tissue?

Answer 23

skeletal muscle

Question 24

what quadrant is the jejunum located in?

Answer 24

LUQ

Question 25

what quadrant is the ileum located in?

Answer 25

RLQ

Question 26

what vessels supply blood to the jejunum and the ileum?

Answer 26

the vasa recta

Question 27

what feeds that vasa recta in the ileum and jejunum? which of the ileum jejunum has more of these vessels and shorter vasa recta?

Answer 27

arterial arcades...ileum has more arcades and shorter vasa rectas

Question 28

where is the cecum located in relation to the ileocecal valve?

Answer 28

inferior to the valve in the RLQ

Question 29

what is an important thing that lies in the cecal area?

Answer 29

appendix

Question 30

the vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation up until what point in the digestive tract? what does it switch to at this point?

Answer 30

midway across the transverse colon | switches to sacral region...S2-S4

Question 31

in the rectum...what is the name of the location that stores feces?

Answer 31

ampulla

Question 32

what three arteries/veins are feeding the rectum?

Answer 32

superior middles and inferior rectal

Question 33

which of the three arteries/veins that feed the rectum are part of the portal system? and which are part of the caval systemic system?

Answer 33

superior is portal and middle and inferior are systemic and can anastamose

Question 34

what is the pectinate line? where is it located?

Answer 34

line just below the rigid area in the anal canal...divides the anal canal into an area that can still absorb and an area that cannot

Question 35

what lies above the pectinate line in the anal canal...the absorbing area or ready to shit area?

Answer 35

absorbing area

Question 36

what lies below the pectinate line in the anal canal...the absorbing area or ready to shit area?

Answer 36

shit area

Question 37

above the pectinate line...where does venous drainage go?

Answer 37

portal system

Question 38

below the pectinate line...where does venous drainage go?

Answer 38

systemically

Question 39

how many sphincters are there in the anus? name them

Answer 39

2..internal and external

Question 40

which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by smooth muscle?

Answer 40

internal

Question 41

which of internal/external anal sphincters is controlled by skeletal muscle?

Answer 41

external

Question 42

name the two recesses of the liver

Answer 42

subphrenic | hepatorenal

Question 43

what do the coronary and triangular ligaments attach the liver to?

Answer 43

diaphragm

Question 44

what does the falciform ligament attach the liver to?

Answer 44

anterior abdominal wall

Question 45

what two things enter the porta hepatis and what exits it?

Answer 45

portal vein and hepatic arteries enter | hepatic ducts exit

Question 46

name the four lobes of the liver...which lobe includes two of the others?

Answer 46

right lobe left lobe (includes caudate and quadrate) caudate lobe quadrate lobe

Question 47

the hepatic ducts converge and become what? and this travels into what structure?

Answer 47

common hepatic duct...travel into gallbladder

Question 48

the gallbladder releases bile into what? and the bile travels into what?

Answer 48

cystic duct into common bile duct...duodenum through major papillae

Question 49

which two GI arterial systems does the pancreas receive blood from?

Answer 49

celiac and superior mesenteric

Question 50

the foregut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp...where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

Answer 50

celiac ganglion

Question 51

the midgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp...where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

Answer 51

aorticorenal and superior mesentery ganglion

Question 52

the hindgut receives autonomic innervation from para and symp...where does the sympathetic synapse on its way to the gut?

Answer 52

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 53

the foregut and midgut receive para innervation from what structure? what about the hindgut?

Answer 53

fore and mid is vagus | hind is sacral