Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

salivary glands secrete what two products that are important for digestion?

A

amylase and lipase

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2
Q

what do ductal cells in the salivary glands take out of the mucous? what dot hey put in?

A

Na/Cl out

bicarb K+ in

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3
Q

if the mucous flows slowly through the ducts…does more or less NaCl go out?

A

more goes out with slow

more stays in with fast

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4
Q

what two stimuli increase secretion of mucous from salivary glands?

A

para and sympathetic

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5
Q

where are G cells located in the stomach? two locations

A

antrum and pylorus

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6
Q

what do G cells mainly secrete?

A

gastrin

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7
Q

where are D cells located in the stomach?

A

near G cells

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8
Q

what do G cells secrete? what is the function of this molecule?

A

somatostatin

it inhibits gastrin production from G cells

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9
Q

what are enterchromaffin cells…what do they secrete and what is the function of this molecule?

A

secrete histamine that promotes acid secretion

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10
Q

what three molecules increase acid release in stomach?

A

gastrin
histamine
ACh

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11
Q

how is acid pumped into the stomach

?

A

K/H+ antiport

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12
Q

how is H+ made in parietal cells?

A

carbonic anhydrase converts carbonic acid into H and HCO3

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13
Q

how does food affect the pH of the stomach?

A

raised the pH because it buffers the stomach acid

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14
Q

during the interdigestive phase…is the stomach pH low or high? why?

A

it is low…because the parietal cells are secreting basal level and there is no food to buffer the acid

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15
Q

what inhibits the stomach pH from getting way too low during interdigestive phases?

A

somatostatin release from delta cells in the stomach

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16
Q

what is the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? what nerve mediates this?

A

smell food…mediate by vagus nerve

17
Q

what are the three targets of the vagus nerve during the cephalic phase in the stomach? and what do they cause release of at each location?

A

parietal cell-H+
GRP (G cell)-gastrin
chief cell-pepsinogen

18
Q

if you use a muscarinic blocker during the cephalic phase…does the stomach acid still increase?

A

yes because the GRP is still stimulated…but the parietal cell and chief cell are not

19
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what three things does the vagus target and what does it cause to be released?

A

parietal cell-H+
GRP (G cell)-gastrin
chief cell-pepsinogen

20
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what does th enteric system cause? is this a short or long arc refelex?

A

short arc reflex using Ach to cause G cell to release gastrin

21
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what do peptides/amino acids stimulate?

22
Q

in the intestinal phase of gastric secretion…what do partially digested proteins cause in the stomach?

A

activation of G cells and increased gastrin

23
Q

what molecule stimulates pancreatic secretions?

24
Q

what molecule potentiates pancreatic secretions?

25
in the pancreatic duct cells...what molecule stimulates them?
secretin
26
in the pancreatic duct cells...what molecule is held onto and what molecule is pumped into secretion?
Cl is held onto and bicarb is pumped out
27
what is CCKs effect on the stomach
delay gastric emptying
28
what is CCKs effect on the sphincter of oddi?
relax it
29
what is CCKs effect on pancreas?
increase enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction
30
what two things stimulate CCK release from the SI?
amino acids and fatty acid
31
what two things stimulate secretin release from the SI?
low pH and fatty acids
32
what is secretins effect on the stomach? what molecule does it stimulate to achieve this?
it decreases the stomach acid production by increasing the amount of somatostatin
33
what is secretins effect on the pancreas/liver?
increases the release of bicarb from both
34
what are the main things that are secreted into chyme in the SI by the SI?
electrolytes and water
35
explain how the SI secretes water and electrolytes into the chyme...what are the main electrolytes
Cl is pumped through using cAMP and cholera toxins to induce its action...then Na and H20 follow Cl but follow it paracellularly
36
where does Cl move through to get into the lumen? what about Na and H2O
Cl moves through luminal surface of luminal cell | Na and H2O move paracellularly
37
what two molecules stimulate release of water and electrolytes in the SI?
ACh and VIP
38
name the five regulatory factor secretions of the SI
``` secretin CCK VIP GIP Gastrin motilin ```