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GI Prep > Secretions > Flashcards

Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

salivary glands secrete what two products that are important for digestion?

A

amylase and lipase

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2
Q

what do ductal cells in the salivary glands take out of the mucous? what dot hey put in?

A

Na/Cl out

bicarb K+ in

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3
Q

if the mucous flows slowly through the ducts…does more or less NaCl go out?

A

more goes out with slow

more stays in with fast

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4
Q

what two stimuli increase secretion of mucous from salivary glands?

A

para and sympathetic

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5
Q

where are G cells located in the stomach? two locations

A

antrum and pylorus

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6
Q

what do G cells mainly secrete?

A

gastrin

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7
Q

where are D cells located in the stomach?

A

near G cells

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8
Q

what do G cells secrete? what is the function of this molecule?

A

somatostatin

it inhibits gastrin production from G cells

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9
Q

what are enterchromaffin cells…what do they secrete and what is the function of this molecule?

A

secrete histamine that promotes acid secretion

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10
Q

what three molecules increase acid release in stomach?

A

gastrin
histamine
ACh

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11
Q

how is acid pumped into the stomach

?

A

K/H+ antiport

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12
Q

how is H+ made in parietal cells?

A

carbonic anhydrase converts carbonic acid into H and HCO3

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13
Q

how does food affect the pH of the stomach?

A

raised the pH because it buffers the stomach acid

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14
Q

during the interdigestive phase…is the stomach pH low or high? why?

A

it is low…because the parietal cells are secreting basal level and there is no food to buffer the acid

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15
Q

what inhibits the stomach pH from getting way too low during interdigestive phases?

A

somatostatin release from delta cells in the stomach

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16
Q

what is the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? what nerve mediates this?

A

smell food…mediate by vagus nerve

17
Q

what are the three targets of the vagus nerve during the cephalic phase in the stomach? and what do they cause release of at each location?

A

parietal cell-H+
GRP (G cell)-gastrin
chief cell-pepsinogen

18
Q

if you use a muscarinic blocker during the cephalic phase…does the stomach acid still increase?

A

yes because the GRP is still stimulated…but the parietal cell and chief cell are not

19
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what three things does the vagus target and what does it cause to be released?

A

parietal cell-H+
GRP (G cell)-gastrin
chief cell-pepsinogen

20
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what does th enteric system cause? is this a short or long arc refelex?

A

short arc reflex using Ach to cause G cell to release gastrin

21
Q

in the gastric phase of gastric secretion…what do peptides/amino acids stimulate?

A

G cells

22
Q

in the intestinal phase of gastric secretion…what do partially digested proteins cause in the stomach?

A

activation of G cells and increased gastrin

23
Q

what molecule stimulates pancreatic secretions?

A

CCk

24
Q

what molecule potentiates pancreatic secretions?

A

ACh

25
Q

in the pancreatic duct cells…what molecule stimulates them?

A

secretin

26
Q

in the pancreatic duct cells…what molecule is held onto and what molecule is pumped into secretion?

A

Cl is held onto and bicarb is pumped out

27
Q

what is CCKs effect on the stomach

A

delay gastric emptying

28
Q

what is CCKs effect on the sphincter of oddi?

A

relax it

29
Q

what is CCKs effect on pancreas?

A

increase enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction

30
Q

what two things stimulate CCK release from the SI?

A

amino acids and fatty acid

31
Q

what two things stimulate secretin release from the SI?

A

low pH and fatty acids

32
Q

what is secretins effect on the stomach? what molecule does it stimulate to achieve this?

A

it decreases the stomach acid production by increasing the amount of somatostatin

33
Q

what is secretins effect on the pancreas/liver?

A

increases the release of bicarb from both

34
Q

what are the main things that are secreted into chyme in the SI by the SI?

A

electrolytes and water

35
Q

explain how the SI secretes water and electrolytes into the chyme…what are the main electrolytes

A

Cl is pumped through using cAMP and cholera toxins to induce its action…then Na and H20 follow Cl but follow it paracellularly

36
Q

where does Cl move through to get into the lumen? what about Na and H2O

A

Cl moves through luminal surface of luminal cell

Na and H2O move paracellularly

37
Q

what two molecules stimulate release of water and electrolytes in the SI?

A

ACh and VIP

38
Q

name the five regulatory factor secretions of the SI

A 
secretin
CCK
VIP
GIP
Gastrin
motilin

GI Prep (12 decks)

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