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GI Prep > Upper GI Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

name the two portions of the mandible bone

A

body and ramus

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2
Q

the mandible has a unique portion that holds the teeth…what is this called?

A

alveolar portion

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3
Q

name the two foramen that are part of the mandible?

A

mental foramen and the mandibular foramen

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4
Q

what passes through the mandibular foramen? what about the mental foramen?

A

branch of the trigeminal nerve…V3

mental nerve through mental foramen…end of trigem V3

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5
Q

which part of the ramus of the mandible articulates withe the temporal bone to make the TMJ?

A

the condyle of the ramus of the mandible

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6
Q

name the two projections of the ramus of the mandible

A

coronoid process and condyle

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7
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial

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8
Q

name the three parts of the TMJ

A

condyle of mandible
articular tubercle of temporal
mandibular fossa of temporal

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9
Q

what structure divides the TMJ into two joint compartments? name the compartments

A

articular disc…upper and lower synovial cavities

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10
Q

what is the movement in the upper synovial cavity?

A

protrusion and retrusion

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11
Q

what is the movement in the lower synovial cavity?

A

elevation and depression

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12
Q

name the four muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

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13
Q

which of the four muscles of mastication is in charge of opening the mouth?

A

the lateral pterygoid

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14
Q

what nerve innervates all the muscles of mastication?

A

the V3 portion of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

what muscle group is considered accessory muscle for mouth opening?

A

suprahyoid

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16
Q

name the four suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid
digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
sytolhyoid

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17
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior digastric?

A

trigeminal V3

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18
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior digastric?

A

facial nerve CN VII

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19
Q

what is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

A

trigeminal V3

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20
Q

what is the innervation of the stylohyoid?

A

facial nerve CN VII

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21
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

facial nerve

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22
Q

name 6 facial expression muscles to know

A 
temporalis 
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
buccinator
levator labii 
depressor anguli oris
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23
Q

what is the largest of the three salivary glands?

A

parotid gland

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24
Q

what nerve runs through the parotid gland? what nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

facial nerve runs through but the glossopharyngeal innervates

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25
Q

what muscle does the parotid duct pierce to enter the oral cavity? where in the oral cavity do parotid glands enter?

A

buccinator

enters oral cavity at 2nd upper molar

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26
Q

name the five branches of the facial nerve that emerge after going through the parotid gland

A 
temporalis
cervical
mandibular
buccal
zygomatic
27
Q

what is bells palsy?

A

injury to the facial nerve leading to paralysis of muscles in facial expression

28
Q

what usually causes Bells Palsy?

A

URI or Flu…acute onset

29
Q

name the five important structures that lye withing the infratemporal fossa?

A 
muscles of mastication
TMJ
parotid gland
maxillary artery
mandibular division V3 of trigeminal nerve
30
Q

where is the infratemporal fossa located?

A

behind the ramus of the mandible and the masseter muscle

31
Q

name the artery in the infratemporal fossa?

A

maxillary

32
Q

name the nerve in the infratemporal fossa

A

V3 of trigeminal

33
Q

what are the four important branches of the V3 portion of trigeminal that are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

muscular branches
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
auriculotemporal nerve

34
Q

does the V3 division of the trigeminal have sensory motor or both?

A

BOTH

35
Q

what does the lingual nerve do?

A

provide sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

36
Q

what does the inferior alveolar nerve do?

A

provide sensory to mandible and lower teeth

37
Q

what does the auriculotemporal nerve do?

A

sensory to TMJ and temporal region

38
Q

what are the three parts of the maxillary artery?

A

pterygopalatine
pterygoid
mandibular

39
Q

name the two branches of the maxillary artery to know

A

sphenopalatine

middle meningeal artery

40
Q

what does the maxillary artery branch off of?

A

external carotid artery

41
Q

what two folds does the palatine tonsil lye between?

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

42
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

43
Q

what nerve lies under the palatine tonsil and is risk for nicking when having a tonsillectomy?

A

glosspharyngeal

44
Q

how much of the tongue lies in the oral cavity and how much in the oropharynx? what divides these two portions?

A

2/3 in oral cavity…sulcus terminalis divides it

45
Q

what nerve provides taste and sensation to the epiglottis?

A

vagus nerve

46
Q

what nerve provides taste and sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal

47
Q

what nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

facial nerve

48
Q

what nerve provides sensory tot he anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual nerve…branch of the V3 of trigeminal

49
Q

what nerve innervated the muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal

50
Q

name the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hyoglossus
styloglossus
genioglossus

51
Q

what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

to change the position of the tongue

52
Q

what is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

alter the shape of the tongue

53
Q

if you damage the hypoglossal nerve on one side does the tongue deviate to the same or different side from the injury?

A

same side as the injury

54
Q

what is the role of circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

propel food downward

55
Q

name the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus

56
Q

what nerve innervates the circular muscles, salpingopharygngeus and palatopharyngeus?

A

vagus nerve

57
Q

what nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

glosspharyngeal

58
Q

name the three salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

59
Q

what nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

facial nerve

60
Q

what are the three stages of swallowing?

A

oral stage
pharyngeal stage
esophageal stage

61
Q

what occurs during oral stage of swallowing?

A

food is chewed

62
Q

what occurs during pharyngeal stage of swallowing?

A

soft palate elevates to block food from nasopharynx, epiglottis closes airway, longitudinal muscles move pharynx up

63
Q

what is the role of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

elevate the pharynx to accept food

64
Q

what happens in the esophageal phase of deglutition?

A

circular muscles or constrictors of pharynx contract and propel food into esophagus

GI Prep (12 decks)

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