Upper GI Anatomy

Question 1

name the two portions of the mandible bone

Answer 1

body and ramus

Question 2

the mandible has a unique portion that holds the teeth…what is this called?

Answer 2

alveolar portion

Question 3

name the two foramen that are part of the mandible?

Answer 3

mental foramen and the mandibular foramen

Question 4

what passes through the mandibular foramen? what about the mental foramen?

Answer 4

branch of the trigeminal nerve…V3

mental nerve through mental foramen…end of trigem V3

Question 5

which part of the ramus of the mandible articulates withe the temporal bone to make the TMJ?

Answer 5

the condyle of the ramus of the mandible

Question 6

name the two projections of the ramus of the mandible

Answer 6

coronoid process and condyle

Question 7

what type of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 7

synovial

Question 8

name the three parts of the TMJ

Answer 8

condyle of mandible
articular tubercle of temporal
mandibular fossa of temporal

Question 9

what structure divides the TMJ into two joint compartments? name the compartments

Answer 9

articular disc…upper and lower synovial cavities

Question 10

what is the movement in the upper synovial cavity?

Answer 10

protrusion and retrusion

Question 11

what is the movement in the lower synovial cavity?

Answer 11

elevation and depression

Question 12

name the four muscles of mastication

Answer 12

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

Question 13

which of the four muscles of mastication is in charge of opening the mouth?

Answer 13

the lateral pterygoid

Question 14

what nerve innervates all the muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

the V3 portion of the trigeminal nerve

Question 15

what muscle group is considered accessory muscle for mouth opening?

Answer 15

suprahyoid

Question 16

name the four suprahyoid muscles

Answer 16

mylohyoid
digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
sytolhyoid

Question 17

what is the innervation of the anterior digastric?

Answer 17

trigeminal V3

Question 18

what is the innervation of the posterior digastric?

Answer 18

facial nerve CN VII

Question 19

what is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

Answer 19

trigeminal V3

Question 20

what is the innervation of the stylohyoid?

Answer 20

facial nerve CN VII

Question 21

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 21

facial nerve

Question 22

name 6 facial expression muscles to know

Answer 22

temporalis 
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
buccinator
levator labii 
depressor anguli oris

Question 23

what is the largest of the three salivary glands?

Answer 23

parotid gland

Question 24

what nerve runs through the parotid gland? what nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 24

facial nerve runs through but the glossopharyngeal innervates

Question 25

what muscle does the parotid duct pierce to enter the oral cavity? where in the oral cavity do parotid glands enter?

Answer 25

buccinator | enters oral cavity at 2nd upper molar

Question 26

name the five branches of the facial nerve that emerge after going through the parotid gland

Answer 26

``` temporalis cervical mandibular buccal zygomatic ```

Question 27

what is bells palsy?

Answer 27

injury to the facial nerve leading to paralysis of muscles in facial expression

Question 28

what usually causes Bells Palsy?

Answer 28

URI or Flu...acute onset

Question 29

name the five important structures that lye withing the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 29

``` muscles of mastication TMJ parotid gland maxillary artery mandibular division V3 of trigeminal nerve ```

Question 30

where is the infratemporal fossa located?

Answer 30

behind the ramus of the mandible and the masseter muscle

Question 31

name the artery in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 31

maxillary

Question 32

name the nerve in the infratemporal fossa

Answer 32

V3 of trigeminal

Question 33

what are the four important branches of the V3 portion of trigeminal that are found in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 33

muscular branches lingual nerve inferior alveolar nerve auriculotemporal nerve

Question 34

does the V3 division of the trigeminal have sensory motor or both?

Answer 34

BOTH

Question 35

what does the lingual nerve do?

Answer 35

provide sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 36

what does the inferior alveolar nerve do?

Answer 36

provide sensory to mandible and lower teeth

Question 37

what does the auriculotemporal nerve do?

Answer 37

sensory to TMJ and temporal region

Question 38

what are the three parts of the maxillary artery?

Answer 38

pterygopalatine pterygoid mandibular

Question 39

name the two branches of the maxillary artery to know

Answer 39

sphenopalatine | middle meningeal artery

Question 40

what does the maxillary artery branch off of?

Answer 40

external carotid artery

Question 41

what two folds does the palatine tonsil lye between?

Answer 41

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Question 42

what nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 42

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 43

what nerve lies under the palatine tonsil and is risk for nicking when having a tonsillectomy?

Answer 43

glosspharyngeal

Question 44

how much of the tongue lies in the oral cavity and how much in the oropharynx? what divides these two portions?

Answer 44

2/3 in oral cavity...sulcus terminalis divides it

Question 45

what nerve provides taste and sensation to the epiglottis?

Answer 45

vagus nerve

Question 46

what nerve provides taste and sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?

Answer 46

glossopharyngeal

Question 47

what nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 47

facial nerve

Question 48

what nerve provides sensory tot he anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 48

lingual nerve...branch of the V3 of trigeminal

Question 49

what nerve innervated the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 49

hypoglossal

Question 50

name the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 50

hyoglossus styloglossus genioglossus

Question 51

what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 51

to change the position of the tongue

Question 52

what is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 52

alter the shape of the tongue

Question 53

if you damage the hypoglossal nerve on one side does the tongue deviate to the same or different side from the injury?

Answer 53

same side as the injury

Question 54

what is the role of circular muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 54

propel food downward

Question 55

name the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 55

stylopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus palatopharyngeus

Question 56

what nerve innervates the circular muscles, salpingopharygngeus and palatopharyngeus?

Answer 56

vagus nerve

Question 57

what nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 57

glosspharyngeal

Question 58

name the three salivary glands

Answer 58

parotid sublingual submandibular

Question 59

what nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 59

facial nerve

Question 60

what are the three stages of swallowing?

Answer 60

oral stage pharyngeal stage esophageal stage

Question 61

what occurs during oral stage of swallowing?

Answer 61

food is chewed

Question 62

what occurs during pharyngeal stage of swallowing?

Answer 62

soft palate elevates to block food from nasopharynx, epiglottis closes airway, longitudinal muscles move pharynx up

Question 63

what is the role of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 63

elevate the pharynx to accept food

Question 64

what happens in the esophageal phase of deglutition?

Answer 64

circular muscles or constrictors of pharynx contract and propel food into esophagus