Upper GI Anatomy Flashcards
name the two portions of the mandible bone
body and ramus
the mandible has a unique portion that holds the teeth…what is this called?
alveolar portion
name the two foramen that are part of the mandible?
mental foramen and the mandibular foramen
what passes through the mandibular foramen? what about the mental foramen?
branch of the trigeminal nerve…V3
mental nerve through mental foramen…end of trigem V3
which part of the ramus of the mandible articulates withe the temporal bone to make the TMJ?
the condyle of the ramus of the mandible
name the two projections of the ramus of the mandible
coronoid process and condyle
what type of joint is the TMJ?
synovial
name the three parts of the TMJ
condyle of mandible
articular tubercle of temporal
mandibular fossa of temporal
what structure divides the TMJ into two joint compartments? name the compartments
articular disc…upper and lower synovial cavities
what is the movement in the upper synovial cavity?
protrusion and retrusion
what is the movement in the lower synovial cavity?
elevation and depression
name the four muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
which of the four muscles of mastication is in charge of opening the mouth?
the lateral pterygoid
what nerve innervates all the muscles of mastication?
the V3 portion of the trigeminal nerve
what muscle group is considered accessory muscle for mouth opening?
suprahyoid
name the four suprahyoid muscles
mylohyoid
digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
sytolhyoid
what is the innervation of the anterior digastric?
trigeminal V3
what is the innervation of the posterior digastric?
facial nerve CN VII
what is the innervation of the mylohyoid?
trigeminal V3
what is the innervation of the stylohyoid?
facial nerve CN VII
what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve
name 6 facial expression muscles to know
temporalis orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris zygomaticus buccinator levator labii depressor anguli oris
what is the largest of the three salivary glands?
parotid gland
what nerve runs through the parotid gland? what nerve innervates the parotid gland?
facial nerve runs through but the glossopharyngeal innervates
what muscle does the parotid duct pierce to enter the oral cavity? where in the oral cavity do parotid glands enter?
buccinator
enters oral cavity at 2nd upper molar
name the five branches of the facial nerve that emerge after going through the parotid gland
temporalis cervical mandibular buccal zygomatic
what is bells palsy?
injury to the facial nerve leading to paralysis of muscles in facial expression
what usually causes Bells Palsy?
URI or Flu…acute onset
name the five important structures that lye withing the infratemporal fossa?
muscles of mastication TMJ parotid gland maxillary artery mandibular division V3 of trigeminal nerve
where is the infratemporal fossa located?
behind the ramus of the mandible and the masseter muscle
name the artery in the infratemporal fossa?
maxillary
name the nerve in the infratemporal fossa
V3 of trigeminal
what are the four important branches of the V3 portion of trigeminal that are found in the infratemporal fossa?
muscular branches
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
auriculotemporal nerve
does the V3 division of the trigeminal have sensory motor or both?
BOTH
what does the lingual nerve do?
provide sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
what does the inferior alveolar nerve do?
provide sensory to mandible and lower teeth
what does the auriculotemporal nerve do?
sensory to TMJ and temporal region
what are the three parts of the maxillary artery?
pterygopalatine
pterygoid
mandibular
name the two branches of the maxillary artery to know
sphenopalatine
middle meningeal artery
what does the maxillary artery branch off of?
external carotid artery
what two folds does the palatine tonsil lye between?
palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
what nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve
what nerve lies under the palatine tonsil and is risk for nicking when having a tonsillectomy?
glosspharyngeal
how much of the tongue lies in the oral cavity and how much in the oropharynx? what divides these two portions?
2/3 in oral cavity…sulcus terminalis divides it
what nerve provides taste and sensation to the epiglottis?
vagus nerve
what nerve provides taste and sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal
what nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
facial nerve
what nerve provides sensory tot he anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
lingual nerve…branch of the V3 of trigeminal
what nerve innervated the muscles of the tongue?
hypoglossal
name the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue
hyoglossus
styloglossus
genioglossus
what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
to change the position of the tongue
what is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
alter the shape of the tongue
if you damage the hypoglossal nerve on one side does the tongue deviate to the same or different side from the injury?
same side as the injury
what is the role of circular muscles of the pharynx?
propel food downward
name the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
what nerve innervates the circular muscles, salpingopharygngeus and palatopharyngeus?
vagus nerve
what nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
glosspharyngeal
name the three salivary glands
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
what nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands?
facial nerve
what are the three stages of swallowing?
oral stage
pharyngeal stage
esophageal stage
what occurs during oral stage of swallowing?
food is chewed
what occurs during pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
soft palate elevates to block food from nasopharynx, epiglottis closes airway, longitudinal muscles move pharynx up
what is the role of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
elevate the pharynx to accept food
what happens in the esophageal phase of deglutition?
circular muscles or constrictors of pharynx contract and propel food into esophagus
