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GI Prep > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of starch we usually intake?

A

amylopectin and amylose

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2
Q

what is the linkage that amylose uses?

A

alpha1-4 bonds

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3
Q

what two linkages does amylopectin use?

A

alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6

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4
Q

in addition to starch, what other common form of sugars do we intake?

A

disaccharides

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5
Q

salivary amylase breaks what bond?

A

alpha 1-4

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6
Q

pancreatic amylase breaks what bond?

A

alpha 1-4

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7
Q

what is the transporter for glucose across luminal surface in SI? what is the type of diffusion here? what molecule drives this process?

A

SGLT1
secondary active diffusion
driven by Na

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8
Q

what is the transporter for galactose across luminal surface in SI? what is the type of diffusion here? what molecule drives this process?

A

SGLT1
secondary active diffusion
driven by Na

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9
Q

what is the transporter for frcutose across luminal surface in SI? what is the type of diffusion here? what molecule drives this process?

A

GLUT5
passive diffusion
not linked

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10
Q

what is the basolateral membrane transporter that is used for all the monosaccharides?

A

GLUT2

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11
Q

name the three monosaccharides we can absorb

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

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12
Q

name the four BBE for carbohydrate metabolism

A

lactase
sucrase
maltase
dextrinase

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13
Q

what carbs does lactase break up

A

glu and gal

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14
Q

what carbs does sucrase break up

A

fructose and glucose

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15
Q

what carbs does maltase break up

A

glu and glu

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16
Q

what is the action of dextrinase

A

breaks alpha 1-6 bonds of glu-glu

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17
Q

what enzymes is in charge of activating trypsin into trypsinogen?

A

enterokinase

18
Q

what is pepsin activated by?

A

HCl

19
Q

where does pepsinogen break AA chains?

A

internally…endopeptidase

20
Q

name the five pancreatic peptidases

A 
trypsin
chymotrypsin
elastase
carboxypeptidase A
craboxypeptidase B
21
Q

which two of the pancreatic peptidases are exopeptidases

A

carboxypeptidase A and B

22
Q

name the two peptidases from the BBE in the SI

A

aminooligopeptidase

dipeptidase

23
Q

how do we absorb protein? single amino acids, di and tri peptide or polypeptides?

A

single, di and tri…no poly

24
Q

how are di and tripeptides brought in the luminal surface?

A

with a cotransporter of Hydrogen

25
Q

how are free amino acids brought in the luminal surface?

A

with a Na cotrasnporter

26
Q

what are the four steps of lipid absorption?

A

emulsification
lipid hydrolysis
micellization
lipid absorption

27
Q

what is in charge of emulsifying fats?

A

bile

28
Q

what type of fat does bile mainly emulsify?

A

triglycerides

29
Q

name the three pancreatic lipases

A

lipase-colipase
phospholipase A2
cholesterol esterase

30
Q

what type of molecule does cholesterol esterase work on? what does it break it into?

A

cholesterol ester

breaks into cholesterol and fatty acid

31
Q

what type of molecule does regular lipases work on? what does it break it into?

A

triglycerides

breaks into monoglyceride and fatty acids

32
Q

what type of molecule does phospholipase A2 work on? what does it break it into?

A

phospholipids

breaks into lysolecithin and a fatty acid

33
Q

how many places can pancreatic lipase cleave a triglyceride? what does this lead to?

A

two…breaks it into two fatty acids and amonoglyceride

34
Q

how many places can gastric lipase cleave a triglyceride? what does this lead to?

A

one..breaks it into a diglyceride and a fatty acid

35
Q

what does pancreatic lipase need to be effective? why does gastric lipase not need this?

A

colipase…gastric does not need it because bile has not surrounded the lipids in the stomach

36
Q

how does colipase help pancreatic lipase to digest lipids?

A

it binds the bile and the lipase and allows the lipase to get into the fat and start working

37
Q

after pancreatic lipase works and you are left with fatty acids and monoglycerides…are these molecules hydrophobic or hydrophilic? what does this cause to happen?

A

hydrophobic…so they are put into micelles

38
Q

what four things contribute to the formation of a micelle?

A

bile salts
cholesterol
fat soluble vitamins (DAKE)
lipid digestion components

39
Q

what does the luminal surface of a cell actually absorb in lipid absorption?

A

micelles

40
Q

once a micelle is absorbed what does the cell make out of it? why does it do this?

A

it makes it into a chylomicron to make sure the micelle does not leak back out the apical side of the cell and into the lumen

41
Q

what can happen to the chylomicron in the eneterocyte? where does it travel after this?

A

it can be exocytosed…and go into the lacteal and into the subclavian

GI Prep (12 decks)

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