Motility Flashcards

1
Q

name the two nervous systems that control the GI

A

enteric and autonomic`

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2
Q

name the two locations that innervation occurs in the GI tract (complexes)

A

myenteric and submucosa

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3
Q

where is the myenteric complex located?

A

in between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle

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4
Q

where is the submucosal complex located?

A

below the circular muscle

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5
Q

parasympathetic neurons synapse where in the GI system? two location

A

submucosal and myenteric complexes

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6
Q

sympathetic neurons synapse in what two locations in the GI system?

A

either in the enteric system or directly on smooth muscle

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7
Q

what are the two types of nervous system reflexes in the GI tract?

A

long and short arc

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8
Q

describe a long arc GI reflex

A

mechanoreceptors sense change and go through efferent vagus and then afferent vagus causes endocrine cells to release the goods

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9
Q

describe a short arc GI reflex

A

chemoreceptors sense change and go through enteric system to innervate secretory cells and tell them to release

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10
Q

what is the myeneteric plexus mainly in charge of?

A

contraction

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11
Q

what is the submucosal plexus mainly in charge of?

A

secretions

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12
Q

cells of cajal regulate what in the GI tract?

A

they are the pacemaker cells and release slow waves at specific frequencies in different locations

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13
Q

if you add a stimulatory response to the cells of cajal what happens to muscle tone and AP?

A

AP occurs and muscle tone increases

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14
Q

if you add a inhibitory response to the cells of cajal what happens to muscle tone and AP?

A

muscle tone decreases and AP does not occur

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15
Q

which location in the GI has the highest frequency of slow waves from the cells of cajal?

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

where does mass movement peristalsis occur?

A

in the colon…shit

17
Q

where does migrating motor complex peristalsis occur and when?

A

mid stomach to SI during interdigestive phase

18
Q

what is the goal of segmentation movements?

A

mix luminal contents without moving them forward…promotes digestion and absorption

19
Q

where does segmentation occur?

A

SI and proximal colon

20
Q

what is haustration segmentation and where does it occur?

A

in the colon…is similar to segmentation but has the goal of removing water and compacting the shit

21
Q

in peristalsis…the circular muscle behind the food is contracted or relaxed? what about the longitudinal muscle?

A

circular is contracted and longitudinal is relaxed

22
Q

in peristalsis…the circular muscle ahead of the food is contracted or relaxed? what about the longitudinal muscle?

A

circular is relaxed and longitudinal is contracted

23
Q

explain how segmentation occurs

A

alternate contractions and relaxations of circular smooth muscle in different segments

24
Q

primary peristalsis in the esophagus is initiated by what?

A

swallowing

25
secondary peristalsis in the esophagus is initiated by what?
residual food in the esophagus
26
if you have decreased gastric accomodation...will you fill up faster or slower?`
much faster
27
when there is food in the esophagus...explain how the stomach prepares for its entrance? what is the nerve response?
vasovagal reflex...leads to Nitric Oxide and VIP being released from enteric system and the stomach relaxing
28
what two reflexes contribute to gastric accomodation once food is in the stomach?
enteric local reflex | vasovagal from stretching
29
what is it called when food in esophagus leads to stomach relaxation?
receptive relaxation
30
describe how the stomach contracts during digestion? where does the contraction begin? and how does the strength change?
begins in the body of the stomach and increases in strength as you move to the pyloric region
31
name the three muscular movements of the stomach
propulsion grinding retropulsion
32
where does grinding occur in the stomach?
in the antrum...grinds the food and pushes some into the duodenum
33
what three things stimulate increased force of stomach contractions?
parasympathetic activity gastrin motilin
34
what three things stimulate decreased force of stomach contractions?
sympathetic activity secretin GIP
35
what type of food is quickest to exit the stomach and what type is slowest?
fat is slowest and glucose/carbs are fastest
36
what are the two muscular ways to slow gastric emptying?
decrease tone of proximal stomach | decrease strength of antral contractions
37
name the three molecules that cause slower stomach emptying...these are released from the SI?
secretin CCK GIP
38
name the three movements of the colon
segmentation haustration mass movement peristalsis