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GI Prep > Anterior Abdominal Wall Anatomy > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

name five muscles of anterior aspect of the abdominal wall

A 
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
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2
Q

what two anterior abdominal muscles are enclosed in the rectus sheath?

A

rectus abdominis

pyramidalis

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3
Q

what do the external and internal obliques and the tranversus abdominus have once they cross the mid clavicular line? what does this contribute to?

A

large flat aponeuroses that contribute to the rectus sheath

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4
Q

what nerve innervates all the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

thoracoabdominal nerves from ventral rami

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5
Q

what ventral rami provide innervation to abdominal muscles?

A

T7-T12

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6
Q

what is the most superficial ab muscle? middle? and deepest?

A

external superficial
internal
tranversus abdominis is deepest

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7
Q

what muscle of the abdominal wall forms the inguinal ligment?

A

external oblique…

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8
Q

what two spots on the pelvis does the external oblique attach to form the inguinal ligament?

A

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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9
Q

which muscle of the abdomen looks like a 6 pack?

A

rectus abdominis

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10
Q

what are the four important muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

iliacus
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominis

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11
Q

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

laterally flew the vertebral column

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12
Q

the psoas major and the iliacus join to form what after they pass underneath the inguinal ligament

A

iliopsoas

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13
Q

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the IVC?

A

T8

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14
Q

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the esophagus?

A

T10

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15
Q

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the aorta?

A

T!2

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16
Q

what is the mnemonic to remember the IVC, esophageal, and aortic hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A

I 8 10 Eggs at 12

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17
Q

what is most superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

A

superficial camper’s fascia…fatty layer

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18
Q

what lies just below the superficial campers fascia in the abdominal wall? what is the layer made of?

A

Deep membranous (Scarpas) fascia…membranous material

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19
Q

what lies below the transversus abdominis in the abdominal wall?

A

endoabdominal fascia

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20
Q

what is the endoabdominal fascia also called?

A

transversalis fascia

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21
Q

what lies below the endoabdominal fascia and is the deepest layer of the abdominal fascia?

A

peritoneum

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22
Q

if you have peritonitis…what is inflammed?

A

peritoneum

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23
Q

list the 7 layers of abdominal fascia in order from superficial to deep

A 
skin
superficial campers fascia
deep membranous scarpas fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
peritoneum
24
Q

why does the superior aspect of the abdominal rectus sheath have a thick anterior and posterior aspect?

A

because the external oblique and internal oblique cover the outer layer of the rectus abdominus and the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis cover the internal layer of the rectus abdominis

25
Q

does the inferior rectus sheath have a thick exterior, interior or both aspects?why?

A

only anterior because the external oblique, internal oblique and the transversus abdominis traverse the anterior side only

26
Q

the two medial umbilical folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall were what structure in development?

A

unbilical arteries

27
Q

the lateral folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall are caused by what structure?

A

inferior epigastric vessels

28
Q

the ligamentus teres is also known as what? what embryologic structure is it from?

A

round ligament of the liver…from the umbilical vein

29
Q

what arteries (2) supplies the abdominal wall?

A

superior and inferior epigastrics

30
Q

where does the superior epigastric branch from?

A

internal thoracic artery

31
Q

where does the inferior epigastric branch from?

A

external iliac artery

32
Q

what is the T12 intercostal nerve also called?

A

subcostal nerve

33
Q

what is the L1 ventral ramus divided into? (2)

A

iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

34
Q

what are the two rings of the inguinal canal?

A

deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring

35
Q

what travels through the inguinal canal?

A

spermatic cord

36
Q

what nerve is included in the spermatic cord of the male?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

37
Q

what all is included in the spermatic cords?

A

neurovasculature and the ductus deferens for the testes

38
Q

what pulls the testes down during development?

A

gubernaculum

39
Q

part of the peritoneum moves down with the testes…what is this called?

A

processes vaginalis

40
Q

name the three layers that surrounds the spermatic cord and testes

A

external spermatic fascia
middle spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia

41
Q

what does the external spermatic fascia come from?

A

the external oblique

42
Q

what does the middle spermatic fascia come from?

A

internal oblique

43
Q

what does the internal spermatic fascia come from?

A

transversalis fascia

44
Q

does the processes vaginalis usually degenerate?

A

damn right

45
Q

when the processes vaginalis degenerates it leaves a small remaining portion of peritoneum…what is this called?

A

tunica vaginalis

46
Q

where does the testicular artery branch off of?

A

aorta

47
Q

name the veins that surround a testicle

A

pampniform plexus of veins

48
Q

name the two types of hernias inguinal

A

indirect and direct

49
Q

are indirect hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?

A

congenital defect

50
Q

are direct hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?

A

weakness in abdominal wall/fascia

51
Q

what ages do indirect hernias occur in? where are these located?

A

children…in the spermatic cord…lateral to hesselbachs triangle

52
Q

what ages do direct hernias occur in? where are these located?

A

older people…medial to the spermatic cords and often through the hesselbachs triangle

53
Q

what is hesselbachs triangle?

A

a common location for direct hernias to occur

54
Q

what is the lateral border of hesselbachs triangle?

A

epigastric vessels

55
Q

what is the medial border of hesselbachs triangle?

A

rectus abdominis

56
Q

what is the inferior border of hesselbachs triangle?

A

inguinal ligament

GI Prep (12 decks)

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