Anterior Abdominal Wall Anatomy

Question 1

name five muscles of anterior aspect of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis

Question 2

what two anterior abdominal muscles are enclosed in the rectus sheath?

Answer 2

rectus abdominis

pyramidalis

Question 3

what do the external and internal obliques and the tranversus abdominus have once they cross the mid clavicular line? what does this contribute to?

Answer 3

large flat aponeuroses that contribute to the rectus sheath

Question 4

what nerve innervates all the muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 4

thoracoabdominal nerves from ventral rami

Question 5

what ventral rami provide innervation to abdominal muscles?

Answer 5

T7-T12

Question 6

what is the most superficial ab muscle? middle? and deepest?

Answer 6

external superficial
internal
tranversus abdominis is deepest

Question 7

what muscle of the abdominal wall forms the inguinal ligment?

Answer 7

external oblique…

Question 8

what two spots on the pelvis does the external oblique attach to form the inguinal ligament?

Answer 8

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

Question 9

which muscle of the abdomen looks like a 6 pack?

Answer 9

rectus abdominis

Question 10

what are the four important muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 10

iliacus
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominis

Question 11

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 11

laterally flew the vertebral column

Question 12

the psoas major and the iliacus join to form what after they pass underneath the inguinal ligament

Answer 12

iliopsoas

Question 13

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the IVC?

Answer 13

T8

Question 14

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the esophagus?

Answer 14

T10

Question 15

at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the aorta?

Answer 15

T!2

Question 16

what is the mnemonic to remember the IVC, esophageal, and aortic hiatuses of the diaphragm?

Answer 16

I 8 10 Eggs at 12

Question 17

what is most superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

Answer 17

superficial camper’s fascia…fatty layer

Question 18

what lies just below the superficial campers fascia in the abdominal wall? what is the layer made of?

Answer 18

Deep membranous (Scarpas) fascia…membranous material

Question 19

what lies below the transversus abdominis in the abdominal wall?

Answer 19

endoabdominal fascia

Question 20

what is the endoabdominal fascia also called?

Answer 20

transversalis fascia

Question 21

what lies below the endoabdominal fascia and is the deepest layer of the abdominal fascia?

Answer 21

peritoneum

Question 22

if you have peritonitis…what is inflammed?

Answer 22

peritoneum

Question 23

list the 7 layers of abdominal fascia in order from superficial to deep

Answer 23

skin
superficial campers fascia
deep membranous scarpas fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
peritoneum

Question 24

why does the superior aspect of the abdominal rectus sheath have a thick anterior and posterior aspect?

Answer 24

because the external oblique and internal oblique cover the outer layer of the rectus abdominus and the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis cover the internal layer of the rectus abdominis

Question 25

does the inferior rectus sheath have a thick exterior, interior or both aspects?why?

Answer 25

only anterior because the external oblique, internal oblique and the transversus abdominis traverse the anterior side only

Question 26

the two medial umbilical folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall were what structure in development?

Answer 26

unbilical arteries

Question 27

the lateral folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall are caused by what structure?

Answer 27

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 28

the ligamentus teres is also known as what? what embryologic structure is it from?

Answer 28

round ligament of the liver...from the umbilical vein

Question 29

what arteries (2) supplies the abdominal wall?

Answer 29

superior and inferior epigastrics

Question 30

where does the superior epigastric branch from?

Answer 30

internal thoracic artery

Question 31

where does the inferior epigastric branch from?

Answer 31

external iliac artery

Question 32

what is the T12 intercostal nerve also called?

Answer 32

subcostal nerve

Question 33

what is the L1 ventral ramus divided into? (2)

Answer 33

iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 34

what are the two rings of the inguinal canal?

Answer 34

deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring

Question 35

what travels through the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

spermatic cord

Question 36

what nerve is included in the spermatic cord of the male?

Answer 36

ilioinguinal nerve

Question 37

what all is included in the spermatic cords?

Answer 37

neurovasculature and the ductus deferens for the testes

Question 38

what pulls the testes down during development?

Answer 38

gubernaculum

Question 39

part of the peritoneum moves down with the testes...what is this called?

Answer 39

processes vaginalis

Question 40

name the three layers that surrounds the spermatic cord and testes

Answer 40

external spermatic fascia middle spermatic fascia internal spermatic fascia

Question 41

what does the external spermatic fascia come from?

Answer 41

the external oblique

Question 42

what does the middle spermatic fascia come from?

Answer 42

internal oblique

Question 43

what does the internal spermatic fascia come from?

Answer 43

transversalis fascia

Question 44

does the processes vaginalis usually degenerate?

Answer 44

damn right

Question 45

when the processes vaginalis degenerates it leaves a small remaining portion of peritoneum...what is this called?

Answer 45

tunica vaginalis

Question 46

where does the testicular artery branch off of?

Answer 46

aorta

Question 47

name the veins that surround a testicle

Answer 47

pampniform plexus of veins

Question 48

name the two types of hernias inguinal

Answer 48

indirect and direct

Question 49

are indirect hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?

Answer 49

congenital defect

Question 50

are direct hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?

Answer 50

weakness in abdominal wall/fascia

Question 51

what ages do indirect hernias occur in? where are these located?

Answer 51

children...in the spermatic cord...lateral to hesselbachs triangle

Question 52

what ages do direct hernias occur in? where are these located?

Answer 52

older people...medial to the spermatic cords and often through the hesselbachs triangle

Question 53

what is hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 53

a common location for direct hernias to occur

Question 54

what is the lateral border of hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 54

epigastric vessels

Question 55

what is the medial border of hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 55

rectus abdominis

Question 56

what is the inferior border of hesselbachs triangle?

Answer 56

inguinal ligament