Anterior Abdominal Wall Anatomy Flashcards
name five muscles of anterior aspect of the abdominal wall
external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis pyramidalis
what two anterior abdominal muscles are enclosed in the rectus sheath?
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
what do the external and internal obliques and the tranversus abdominus have once they cross the mid clavicular line? what does this contribute to?
large flat aponeuroses that contribute to the rectus sheath
what nerve innervates all the muscles of the abdominal wall?
thoracoabdominal nerves from ventral rami
what ventral rami provide innervation to abdominal muscles?
T7-T12
what is the most superficial ab muscle? middle? and deepest?
external superficial
internal
tranversus abdominis is deepest
what muscle of the abdominal wall forms the inguinal ligment?
external oblique…
what two spots on the pelvis does the external oblique attach to form the inguinal ligament?
anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
which muscle of the abdomen looks like a 6 pack?
rectus abdominis
what are the four important muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
iliacus
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transversus abdominis
what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?
laterally flew the vertebral column
the psoas major and the iliacus join to form what after they pass underneath the inguinal ligament
iliopsoas
at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the IVC?
T8
at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the esophagus?
T10
at what level of the spine does the diaphragm open for the aorta?
T!2
what is the mnemonic to remember the IVC, esophageal, and aortic hiatuses of the diaphragm?
I 8 10 Eggs at 12
what is most superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?
superficial camper’s fascia…fatty layer
what lies just below the superficial campers fascia in the abdominal wall? what is the layer made of?
Deep membranous (Scarpas) fascia…membranous material
what lies below the transversus abdominis in the abdominal wall?
endoabdominal fascia
what is the endoabdominal fascia also called?
transversalis fascia
what lies below the endoabdominal fascia and is the deepest layer of the abdominal fascia?
peritoneum
if you have peritonitis…what is inflammed?
peritoneum
list the 7 layers of abdominal fascia in order from superficial to deep
skin superficial campers fascia deep membranous scarpas fascia external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis transversalis fascia peritoneum
why does the superior aspect of the abdominal rectus sheath have a thick anterior and posterior aspect?
because the external oblique and internal oblique cover the outer layer of the rectus abdominus and the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis cover the internal layer of the rectus abdominis
does the inferior rectus sheath have a thick exterior, interior or both aspects?why?
only anterior because the external oblique, internal oblique and the transversus abdominis traverse the anterior side only
the two medial umbilical folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall were what structure in development?
unbilical arteries
the lateral folds on the inner surface of the abdominal wall are caused by what structure?
inferior epigastric vessels
the ligamentus teres is also known as what? what embryologic structure is it from?
round ligament of the liver…from the umbilical vein
what arteries (2) supplies the abdominal wall?
superior and inferior epigastrics
where does the superior epigastric branch from?
internal thoracic artery
where does the inferior epigastric branch from?
external iliac artery
what is the T12 intercostal nerve also called?
subcostal nerve
what is the L1 ventral ramus divided into? (2)
iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
what are the two rings of the inguinal canal?
deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring
what travels through the inguinal canal?
spermatic cord
what nerve is included in the spermatic cord of the male?
ilioinguinal nerve
what all is included in the spermatic cords?
neurovasculature and the ductus deferens for the testes
what pulls the testes down during development?
gubernaculum
part of the peritoneum moves down with the testes…what is this called?
processes vaginalis
name the three layers that surrounds the spermatic cord and testes
external spermatic fascia
middle spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
what does the external spermatic fascia come from?
the external oblique
what does the middle spermatic fascia come from?
internal oblique
what does the internal spermatic fascia come from?
transversalis fascia
does the processes vaginalis usually degenerate?
damn right
when the processes vaginalis degenerates it leaves a small remaining portion of peritoneum…what is this called?
tunica vaginalis
where does the testicular artery branch off of?
aorta
name the veins that surround a testicle
pampniform plexus of veins
name the two types of hernias inguinal
indirect and direct
are indirect hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?
congenital defect
are direct hernias congenital or a weakness in the abdominal wall/fascia?
weakness in abdominal wall/fascia
what ages do indirect hernias occur in? where are these located?
children…in the spermatic cord…lateral to hesselbachs triangle
what ages do direct hernias occur in? where are these located?
older people…medial to the spermatic cords and often through the hesselbachs triangle
what is hesselbachs triangle?
a common location for direct hernias to occur
what is the lateral border of hesselbachs triangle?
epigastric vessels
what is the medial border of hesselbachs triangle?
rectus abdominis
what is the inferior border of hesselbachs triangle?
inguinal ligament
