Upper Extremity Flashcards
What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder (7)?
Glenohumeral ligament (superior, middle, inferior) Coracohumeral ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Acromioclavicular ligament
What are the 3 elbow ligaments?
Annular ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar ligament
What are the 7 forearm and hand ligaments?
Radioulnar Radiocarpal Ulnocarpal Intercarpal Carpometacarpal Metacarpophalangeal Interphalangeal
What are the 3 metacarpophalangeal ligaments?
Volar plates
Collateral ligaments
Transverse metacarpal ligaments
What are the 2 interphalangeal ligaments?
Volar plates
Collateral ligaments
What are the branches of Part I of the axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery
What are the branches of Part II of the axillary artery?
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
What are the branches of Part III of the axillary artery?
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
What does the axillary artery branch into?
Brachial artery
Deep brachial artery
What are the arteries of the hand?
Radial artery Ulnar artery Superficial palmar arches Deep palmar arches Digital arteries
What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery
Scaphoid
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicus longus
What are the main veins of the arm?
Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital vein
Action of pectoralis major
ADDuction, internal rotation, and flexion of shoulder
Nerve supply of pectoralis major
Lateral pectoral nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Blood supply of pectoralis major
Pectoral artery
Action of pectoralis minor
Stabilizes scapula
Protraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula
Nerve supply of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve
Blood supply of pectoralis minor
Pectoral artery
Action of serratus anterior
Protraction of scapula
Upward rotation of scapula
Holds scapula to thoracic wall
Nerve supply of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
Blood supply of serratus anterior
Lateral thoracic nerve
What would a “winged” scapula indicate?
Damage to the long thoracic nerve
Action of the superior, middle, and inferior trapezius
Superior: elevates scapula
Middle: retracts scapula
Inferior: depresses scapula
All: glenoid rotation
Nerve supply of the trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Blood supply of the trapezius
Transverse cervical artery
Action of latissimus dorsi
Extends, ADDuction, and internally rotates shoulder
Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
Blood supply of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal artery
Action of anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid
Anterior: flexes shoulder
Middle: abducts shoulder
Posterior: extends/externally rotates shoulder
Nerve supply of deltoid
Axillary nerve
Blood supply of deltoid
Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA)
Action of teres minor
External rotation of shoulder
Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Nerve supply of teres minor
Axillary nerve
Blood supply of teres minor
Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA)
Action of teres major
ADDuction, extension, and internal rotation of shoulder
Nerve supply of teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
Blood supply of teres major
Circumflex scapular artery
What nerve would most likely be affected in anterior shoulder dislocations?
Axillary nerve
What are the rotator cuff muscles (dynamic stabilizers)?
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Action of subscapularis
Internal rotation and ADDuction of shoulder
Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Nerve supply of subscapularis
Upper subscapular nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
Blood supply of subscapularis
Circumflex scapular artery
Action of infraspinatus
External rotation of shoulder
Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Blood supply of infraspinatus
Suprascapular artery
Nerve supply of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Action of supraspinatus
Abduction of shoulder
Stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Nerve supply of supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Blood supply of supraspinatus
Suprascapular artery
What is the most commonly damaged muscle in rotator cuff tears?
Supraspinatus
Action of biceps brachii
Flexion of shoulder
Flexion of elbow
Supination of forearm
Nerve supply of biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply of biceps brachii
Brachial artery
Action of brachialis
Flexion of elbow
Nerve supply of brachialis
Musculocutanous nerve
Blood supply of brachialis
Brachial artery
Action of choracobrachialis
Flexion and ADDuction of shoulder
Nerve supply of choracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply of choracobrachialis
Brachial artery
What are the extensors of the elbow?
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Action of the triceps brachii
Extension of elbow
Extension of shoulder
Nerve supply of triceps brachii
Radial nerve
Blood supply of triceps brachii
Brachial profunda artery
Action of anconeus
Extension of elbow
Nerve supply of anconeus
Radial nerve
Blood supply of anconeus
Recurrent interosseous artery
What are the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What are the muscles of the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicus longus
Pronator quadratus
Action of pronator teres
Pronation of forearm
Flexion of elbow
Nerve supply of pronator teres
Median nerve
Blood supply of pronator teres
Ulnar artery
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Flexion and radial deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
Blood supply of flexor carpi radialis
Ulnar artery
Action of palmaris longus
Flexion of wrist
Nerve supply of palmaris longus
Median nerve
Blood supply of palmaris longus
Ulnar artery
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar artery
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints
Flexion of wrist
Nerve supply of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
Blood supply of flexor digitorum superficialis
Ulnar artery
Action of pronator quadratus
Pronation of forearm
Blood supply of pronator quadratus
Anterior interosseous artery
Nerve supply of pronator quadratus
Median nerve
Action of flexor pollicis longus
Flexion of thumb at IP joint
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
Blood supply of flexor pollicis longus
Anterior interosseous artery
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP, and DIP joints
Flexion of wrist
Nerve supply of flexor digitorum profundus
Digits 2/3: median nerve
Digits 4/5: ulnar nerve
Blood supply of flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior interosseous artery
Where do the flexor-pronator muscles originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?
Radial nerve
Action of brachioradialis
Flexion of elbow
Nerve supply of brachioradialis
Radial nerve
Blood supply of brachioradialis
Radial artery
Action of extensor carpi radialis longus
Extension and radial deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial artery
Action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extension of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial artery
Action of extensor digitorum
Extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
Extension of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor digitorum
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor digitorum
Radial artery
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extension of digit 5 at MCP joint
Extension of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial artery
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Extension and ulnar deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial artery
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?
Supinator Abductor pollicus longus Extensor pollicus longus Extensor pollicus brevis Extensor indicis
Action of supinator
Supination of forearm
Nerve supply of supinator
Radial nerve
Blood supply of supinator
Posterior interosseous artery
Action of abductor pollicus longus
ABduction of 1st metacarpal of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve supply of abductor pollicus longus
Radial nerve
Blood supply of abductor pollicus longus
Posterior interosseous artery
Action of extensor pollicus longus
Extension of thumb at IP joint
Radial deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor pollicus longus
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor pollicus longus
Posterior interosseous artery
Action of extensor pollicus brevis
Extension of thumb at MCP joint
Radial deviation of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor pollicus brevis
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor pollicus brevis
Posterior interosseous artery
Action of extensor indicis
Extension of digit 2 at MCP joint
Extension of wrist
Nerve supply of extensor indicis
Radial nerve
Blood supply of extensor indicis
Posterior interosseous artery
What are the thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
ABduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
Blood supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Radial artery
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
Flexion of thumb at MCP joint
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
Blood supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Radial artery
Action of opponens pollicis
Opposition of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve supply of opponens pollicis
Median nerve
Blood supply of opponens pollicis
Radial artery
Action of adductor pollicis
ADDuction of 1st metacarpal at CMC joint
Nerve supply of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of adductor pollicis
Radial artery
What are the hypothenar muscles of the hand?
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Action of abductor digiti minimi
ABduction of proximal phalanx of digit 5 at MCP joint
Nerve supply of abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
Action of flexor digiti minimi
Flexion of digit 5 at MCP joint
Nerve supply of flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
Action of opponens digiti minimi
Opposition of digit 5 at CMC joint
Nerve supply of opponens digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of opponens digiti minimi
Ulnar artery
Nerve supply of palmaris brevis
Ulnar nerve
Action of lumbricals
Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
Extension of digits 2-5 at PIP and DIP joints
Origin of lumbricals
Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Nerve supply of lumbricals
Digits 2/3: median nerve
Digits 4/5: ulnar nerve
Blood supply of lumbricals
Deep palmar arch
Action of dorsal interossei
DAB and PAD
ABduction of digits 2-4 at MCP joints
Nerve supply of dorsal interossei
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of dorsal interossei
Deep palmar arch
Action of palmar interossei
DAB and PAD
ADDuction of digits 2, 4, and 5 at MCP joints
Nerve supply of palmar interossei
Ulnar nerve
Blood supply of palmar interossei
Deep palmar arch
What are the roots, trunks, and cords of the brachial plexus?
Roots: C5-T1
Trunks: superior, middle, inferior
Divisions: anterior and posterior from each trunk
Cords: lateral, posterior, medial
What part of the hand does the median nerve supply sensation for?
Palmar: Most of radial side, digits 1-3
Dorsal: tips of digits 1-3
What part of the hand does the radial nerve supply sensation for?
Radial side of the dorsal hand
What part of the hand does the ulnar nerve supply sensation for?
Whole ulnar side and digits 4-5
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
What makes up the floor and the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Floor: carpal bones
Roof: flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
What are some sings of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Thenar atrophy
Tingling of digits 1-3
What nerve makes up the “funny bone”?
Ulnar nerve
What are the joints of the shoulder girdle?
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral