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BUPA Anatomy > Basics/Lymphatics/Vasculature/Body Cavities > Flashcards

Basics/Lymphatics/Vasculature/Body Cavities Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

When sensory information comes to the spinal cord from one area of inflammation/injury but is interpreted by the CNS as arising from another location

A

Referred pain

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2
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglion

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3
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Axons connecting nuclei in the CNS

A

Tract

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5
Q

Name the layers of tissue between the brain and the skull, going from outside —> in.

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater

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6
Q

Which tissue layer is inflamed with meningitis?

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

What is the order of the emerging nerve structures from the spinal cord?

A

Rootlets —> Root —> (Dorsal root ganglion) —> spinal nerve —> Ramus

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8
Q

Which spinal nerves rise above their vertebral levels?

A

C1-C7

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9
Q

Which spinal nerves rise below their vertebral levels?

A

C8-Co1

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10
Q

Integrates organ systems in the body; both motor and sensory components

A

Visceral division of the nervous system

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11
Q

Sensory fibers going into the spinal cord

A

Afferent

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12
Q

Motor fibers come out of the spinal cord

A

Efferent

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13
Q

Convey PRESYNAPTIC fibers to the sympathetic chain; lateral

A

White rami communicans

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14
Q

Convey POSTSYNAPTIC fibers to the sympathetic chain; medial

A

Gray rami communicans

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of vessels? What are their functions?

A

Tunic intima - responsible for secreting signals that control tone and can also secrete inflammatory signals

Tunic media - muscular layer

Tunic adventitia - blood vessels of the blood vessels

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16
Q

Veins surrounding arteries flatten when artery expands, pumping venous blood back to the heart

A

Arteriovenous pump

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17
Q

Muscle contraction assists venous return

A

Musculovenous pump

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18
Q

Drains lymph from the body’s upper right quadrant

A

Right lymphatic duct

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19
Q

Drains lymph from the whole body (except the right upper quadrant

A

Thoracic duct

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20
Q

Where do the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct drain into?

A

Right lymphatic duct —> right venous angle

Thoracic duct —> left venous angle

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21
Q

What are the different parts of a blastocyst?

A

Outer cell mass/trophoblast

Blastocyst cavity

Inner cell mass/embryoblast

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22
Q

What does the ectoderm form? Mesoderm? Endoderm?

A

Ectoderm - epidermis, neurons
Mesoderm - muscle, RBCs
Endoderm - GI + respiratory, viscera

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23
Q

What parts of the spine exhibit kyphosis?

A

Thoracic

Sacral

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24
Q

What parts of the spine exhibit lordosis?

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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25
What are the true ribs? False? Floating?
True: 1-7 (attach directly to sternum) False: 8-10 (don’t attach to sternum) Floating: 11-12
26
3 parts of the sternum
Manubrium Body Xiphoid process
27
At what rib level is the Angle of Louis located at? What is it the landmark for?
Rib 2 T4/T5
28
The 3 articulating surfaces of the manubrium
Sternal angle Clavicular notch(s) Jugular notch
29
Action of the intercostal muscles/spaces
Elevate and depress ribs
30
What are the 3 intercostal muscles and what are their fiber orientations?
External intercostals - “hands in front pocket” Internal intercostals - “hands in back pocket” Innermost intercostals - parallel
31
At what level is the transumbilical line?
L3/L4
32
What is the transtubular line a landmark for?
L5
33
What are the boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?
Superior: costal margin Inferior: inguinal ligament + pelvis bones
34
Name the layers of the anterior abdominal wall, starting from skin and moving in.
``` Skin Camper’s fascia (fat) Scarpa’s fascia (membranous) External obliques Internal obliques Transversus abdominus Transversalis fascia Fat Parietal peritoneum ```
35
Which muscle connects to the rectus sheath?
External obliques
36
What is the midline of the rectus abdominus muscle? What about the transverse lines?
Linea alba | Intertendinous band
37
What are the anterior strap muscles?
Rectus abdominus | Pyrimidalis
38
Blood supply for the intercostal muscles
Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
39
Nerve supply for the intercostal muscles
Intercostal nerves
40
Blood supply for rectus abdominus
Superior and inferior epigastric artery
41
Nerve supply for rectus abdominus
Subcostal nerve | Lower intercostal nerves
42
Nerve supply for pyramidalis
Subcostal nerve
43
Action of pyrimidalis and rectus abdominus
Flex trunk, compress abdominal viscera
44
Function of flat abdominal muscles
Compress/support viscera, flex and rotate trunk
45
Blood supply of pyrimidalis
Inferior epigastric artery
46
Where does rectus abdominus lie in the in abdominal wall?
Superiorly - between the tendons of internal obliques Inferiorly - behind the tendon of transversus abdominus
47
What runs through the inguinal myopectineal orifice?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal
48
The vasculature of the intercostals muscles sits where?
In the subcostal groove between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles
49
Innervation of the intercostal muscles T1-T11
Anterior rami of the intercostal nerves
50
Innervation of the intercostal muscles T12
Anterior ramus of the subcostal nerve
51
Organization of the vasculature in the subcostal groove
VAN: Vein Artery Nerve
52
Organization of the collateral vasculature of the intercostals
NAV Nerve Artery Vein
53
The collateral vasculature of the intercostals provides what?
Sensation for that area
54
Exits intercostal nerve at mid-axillary line; provides vasculature to the skin
Lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal vasculature (VAN)
55
What nerves supply dermatomes?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
56
Communicating branches between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal nerves
Rami communicants
57
Postganglionic communicants
Grey ramus commincans
58
Preganglionic communicants
White ramus communicans
59
Which nerves supply the subcutaneous anterior abdominal wall?
T7-T11 anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves T12 anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the subcostal nerve L1 spinal nerve (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal)
60
The aorta gives off which of the intercostal arteries?
Posterior intercostal arteries
61
The anterior intercostal arteries come off of which vessel?
Internal thoracic artery
62
What drains the the posterior thoracic wall? Where does it drain into?
Azygos system Superior vena cava
63
What two veins drain into the azygos?
Superior: accessory hemiazygos Inferior: hemiazygos
64
What do the inferior and superior epigastric arteries originate from?
Superior: internal thoracic Inferior: external iliac
65
Parts of the breast
``` Areola Nipple Intermammary cleft (on sternum) Inframammary fold Axillary process ```
66
Produce milk; absent in men
Mammary glands
67
Ducts leaving the mammary gland
Lactiferous ducts/sinuses
68
Between breast and deep fascia; covers pectoral muscles
Retromammary space
69
Blood supply of the breast tissue
- Lateral thoracic artery - Internal thoracic artery - Medial mammary branches - Lateral mammary branches of the lateral cutaneous branches of the POSTERIOR intercostal arteries
70
Venous drainage of the breast tissue
- Axillary vein | - Internal thoracic vein
71
Innervation of the breast tissue
- Lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve | - Anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve
72
Most of the breast drains into which nodes? Where does that drain? What about the medial breast? Inferior?
Majority: axillary nodes —> subclavian lymphatic trunk Medial: parasternal nodes —> thoracic duct Inferior: deep abdominal nodes —> thoracic duct
73
Where do the majority of breast tumors occur?
Near axillary lymph nodes
74
First node to receive lymph; usually the node that is biopsied
Sentinel node
75
Where do most male breast cancers occur?
Medial region near the sternum (hard to palpate
76
Vertebral level of the xiphoid process
T9/T10
77
Vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint
T7/T8
78
Dermatome of nipple? Bellybutton?
Nipple - T5 Bellybutton - T10
79
Angle of lungs on x-ray
Costrodiaphragmatic angle
80
Rib level of parietal pleura of pleural cavity
Anterior - Rib 8 Lateral - Rib 10 Posterior - Rib 12
81
Rib level of visceral pleura of pleural cavity
Anterior - Rib 6 Lateral - Rib 8 Posterior - Rib 10
82
Action of trapezius
Elevate/retract/depress the scapula
83
Innervation of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
84
Action of latissimus dorsi
ADDuction of arm
85
Innervation of pectoralis major
Medial perctoral nerve | Lateral pectoral nerve
86
Innervation of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve
87
Action of pectoralis minor
Shoulder protraction
88
Action of pectoralis major
Shoulder ADDuction
89
Innervation of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
90
Action of serratus anterior
Shoulder protraction

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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