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BUPA Anatomy > Basics/Lymphatics/Vasculature/Body Cavities > Flashcards

Basics/Lymphatics/Vasculature/Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

When sensory information comes to the spinal cord from one area of inflammation/injury but is interpreted by the CNS as arising from another location

A

Referred pain

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2
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglion

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3
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Axons connecting nuclei in the CNS

A

Tract

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5
Q

Name the layers of tissue between the brain and the skull, going from outside —> in.

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater

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6
Q

Which tissue layer is inflamed with meningitis?

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

What is the order of the emerging nerve structures from the spinal cord?

A

Rootlets —> Root —> (Dorsal root ganglion) —> spinal nerve —> Ramus

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8
Q

Which spinal nerves rise above their vertebral levels?

A

C1-C7

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9
Q

Which spinal nerves rise below their vertebral levels?

A

C8-Co1

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10
Q

Integrates organ systems in the body; both motor and sensory components

A

Visceral division of the nervous system

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11
Q

Sensory fibers going into the spinal cord

A

Afferent

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12
Q

Motor fibers come out of the spinal cord

A

Efferent

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13
Q

Convey PRESYNAPTIC fibers to the sympathetic chain; lateral

A

White rami communicans

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14
Q

Convey POSTSYNAPTIC fibers to the sympathetic chain; medial

A

Gray rami communicans

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of vessels? What are their functions?

A

Tunic intima - responsible for secreting signals that control tone and can also secrete inflammatory signals

Tunic media - muscular layer

Tunic adventitia - blood vessels of the blood vessels

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16
Q

Veins surrounding arteries flatten when artery expands, pumping venous blood back to the heart

A

Arteriovenous pump

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17
Q

Muscle contraction assists venous return

A

Musculovenous pump

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18
Q

Drains lymph from the body’s upper right quadrant

A

Right lymphatic duct

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19
Q

Drains lymph from the whole body (except the right upper quadrant

A

Thoracic duct

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20
Q

Where do the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct drain into?

A

Right lymphatic duct —> right venous angle

Thoracic duct —> left venous angle

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21
Q

What are the different parts of a blastocyst?

A

Outer cell mass/trophoblast

Blastocyst cavity

Inner cell mass/embryoblast

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22
Q

What does the ectoderm form? Mesoderm? Endoderm?

A

Ectoderm - epidermis, neurons
Mesoderm - muscle, RBCs
Endoderm - GI + respiratory, viscera

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23
Q

What parts of the spine exhibit kyphosis?

A

Thoracic

Sacral

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24
Q

What parts of the spine exhibit lordosis?

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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25
Q

What are the true ribs? False? Floating?

A

True: 1-7 (attach directly to sternum)

False: 8-10 (don’t attach to sternum)

Floating: 11-12

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26
Q

3 parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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27
Q

At what rib level is the Angle of Louis located at? What is it the landmark for?

A

Rib 2

T4/T5

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28
Q

The 3 articulating surfaces of the manubrium

A

Sternal angle
Clavicular notch(s)
Jugular notch

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29
Q

Action of the intercostal muscles/spaces

A

Elevate and depress ribs

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30
Q

What are the 3 intercostal muscles and what are their fiber orientations?

A

External intercostals - “hands in front pocket”

Internal intercostals - “hands in back pocket”

Innermost intercostals - parallel

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31
Q

At what level is the transumbilical line?

A

L3/L4

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32
Q

What is the transtubular line a landmark for?

A

L5

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33
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior: costal margin

Inferior: inguinal ligament + pelvis bones

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34
Q

Name the layers of the anterior abdominal wall, starting from skin and moving in.

A 
Skin
Camper’s fascia (fat)
Scarpa’s fascia (membranous)
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominus
Transversalis fascia
Fat
Parietal peritoneum
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35
Q

Which muscle connects to the rectus sheath?

A

External obliques

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36
Q

What is the midline of the rectus abdominus muscle? What about the transverse lines?

A

Linea alba

Intertendinous band

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37
Q

What are the anterior strap muscles?

A

Rectus abdominus

Pyrimidalis

38
Q

Blood supply for the intercostal muscles

A

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

39
Q

Nerve supply for the intercostal muscles

A

Intercostal nerves

40
Q

Blood supply for rectus abdominus

A

Superior and inferior epigastric artery

41
Q

Nerve supply for rectus abdominus

A

Subcostal nerve

Lower intercostal nerves

42
Q

Nerve supply for pyramidalis

A

Subcostal nerve

43
Q

Action of pyrimidalis and rectus abdominus

A

Flex trunk, compress abdominal viscera

44
Q

Function of flat abdominal muscles

A

Compress/support viscera, flex and rotate trunk

45
Q

Blood supply of pyrimidalis

A

Inferior epigastric artery

46
Q

Where does rectus abdominus lie in the in abdominal wall?

A

Superiorly - between the tendons of internal obliques

Inferiorly - behind the tendon of transversus abdominus

47
Q

What runs through the inguinal myopectineal orifice?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

48
Q

The vasculature of the intercostals muscles sits where?

A

In the subcostal groove between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

49
Q

Innervation of the intercostal muscles T1-T11

A

Anterior rami of the intercostal nerves

50
Q

Innervation of the intercostal muscles T12

A

Anterior ramus of the subcostal nerve

51
Q

Organization of the vasculature in the subcostal groove

A

VAN:

Vein
Artery
Nerve

52
Q

Organization of the collateral vasculature of the intercostals

A

NAV

Nerve
Artery
Vein

53
Q

The collateral vasculature of the intercostals provides what?

A

Sensation for that area

54
Q

Exits intercostal nerve at mid-axillary line; provides vasculature to the skin

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal vasculature (VAN)

55
Q

What nerves supply dermatomes?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

56
Q

Communicating branches between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal nerves

A

Rami communicants

57
Q

Postganglionic communicants

A

Grey ramus commincans

58
Q

Preganglionic communicants

A

White ramus communicans

59
Q

Which nerves supply the subcutaneous anterior abdominal wall?

A

T7-T11 anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

T12 anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the subcostal nerve

L1 spinal nerve (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal)

60
Q

The aorta gives off which of the intercostal arteries?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

61
Q

The anterior intercostal arteries come off of which vessel?

A

Internal thoracic artery

62
Q

What drains the the posterior thoracic wall? Where does it drain into?

A

Azygos system

Superior vena cava

63
Q

What two veins drain into the azygos?

A

Superior: accessory hemiazygos

Inferior: hemiazygos

64
Q

What do the inferior and superior epigastric arteries originate from?

A

Superior: internal thoracic

Inferior: external iliac

65
Q

Parts of the breast

A 
Areola 
Nipple
Intermammary cleft (on sternum)
Inframammary fold
Axillary process
66
Q

Produce milk; absent in men

A

Mammary glands

67
Q

Ducts leaving the mammary gland

A

Lactiferous ducts/sinuses

68
Q

Between breast and deep fascia; covers pectoral muscles

A

Retromammary space

69
Q

Blood supply of the breast tissue

A
  • Lateral thoracic artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Medial mammary branches
  • Lateral mammary branches of the lateral cutaneous branches of the POSTERIOR intercostal arteries
70
Q

Venous drainage of the breast tissue

A
  • Axillary vein

- Internal thoracic vein

71
Q

Innervation of the breast tissue

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve

- Anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve

72
Q

Most of the breast drains into which nodes? Where does that drain? What about the medial breast? Inferior?

A

Majority: axillary nodes —> subclavian lymphatic trunk

Medial: parasternal nodes —> thoracic duct

Inferior: deep abdominal nodes —> thoracic duct

73
Q

Where do the majority of breast tumors occur?

A

Near axillary lymph nodes

74
Q

First node to receive lymph; usually the node that is biopsied

A

Sentinel node

75
Q

Where do most male breast cancers occur?

A

Medial region near the sternum (hard to palpate

76
Q

Vertebral level of the xiphoid process

A

T9/T10

77
Q

Vertebral level of the xiphisternal joint

A

T7/T8

78
Q

Dermatome of nipple? Bellybutton?

A

Nipple - T5

Bellybutton - T10

79
Q

Angle of lungs on x-ray

A

Costrodiaphragmatic angle

80
Q

Rib level of parietal pleura of pleural cavity

A

Anterior - Rib 8

Lateral - Rib 10

Posterior - Rib 12

81
Q

Rib level of visceral pleura of pleural cavity

A

Anterior - Rib 6

Lateral - Rib 8

Posterior - Rib 10

82
Q

Action of trapezius

A

Elevate/retract/depress the scapula

83
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

84
Q

Action of latissimus dorsi

A

ADDuction of arm

85
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major

A

Medial perctoral nerve

Lateral pectoral nerve

86
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

87
Q

Action of pectoralis minor

A

Shoulder protraction

88
Q

Action of pectoralis major

A

Shoulder ADDuction

89
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

90
Q

Action of serratus anterior

A

Shoulder protraction

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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