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BUPA Anatomy > Knee, Ankle, Foot > Flashcards

Knee, Ankle, Foot Flashcards

1
Q

3 extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

Patellar tendon
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

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2
Q

3 intracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

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3
Q

Function of ACL

A

prevents tibia from displacing anteriorly

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4
Q

Function of PCL

A

prevents tibia from displacing posteriorly

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5
Q

Why don’t the ACL and PCL heal well?

A

They are bathed in synovial fluid where it is avascular

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6
Q

What are the two menisci of the knee?

A

Medial meniscus

Lateral meniscus

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7
Q

What are the 3 bursae of the knee?

A

Prepatellar
Infrapatellar
Pes anserine

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8
Q

What is the most injured ligament in ankle sprains?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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9
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular

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10
Q

What are the medial ligaments of the ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament

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11
Q

What are the tibiofibular ligaments of the ankle?

A

Anterior tibiofibular

Posterior tibiofibular

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12
Q

Where can you feel the posterior tibial pulse?

A

Posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus

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13
Q

Where can you feel the dorsalis pedis pulse?

A

Lateral to the extensor hallicus longus tendon, distal to prominence of navicular bone

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14
Q

Incompetent valves in the veins

A

Venous insufficiency

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15
Q

Clots deep in the veins of the leg that can travel to the heart/lungs as a pulmonary embolism

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis?

A 
Lower extremity surgery
Immobility
Hyper-coagulable states
Malignancy
Trauma
Pregnancy/oral contraceptives (estrogen)
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17
Q

What are the compartments of the leg muscles separated by?

A

Intermuscular septa

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18
Q

Elevation of interstitial pressure (as little as 20-30 mmHg) in closed fascial compartment that results in microvascular compromise; can lead to ischemia of tissue

A

Compartment syndrome

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19
Q

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

Urgent fasciotomy and debrisment

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20
Q

What are the knee extensors that form the quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

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21
Q

Nerve supply for rectus femoris

A

Femoral nerve

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22
Q

Blood supply for rectus femoris

A

Femoral artery

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23
Q

Action for rectus femoris

A

Extension of knee

Flexion of hip

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24
Q

Nerve supply for vastus lateralis

A

Femoral nerve

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25
Q

Blood supply for vastus lateralis

A

Femoral artery

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26
Q

Action for vastus lateralis

A

Extension of knee

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27
Q

Nerve supply for vastus medialis

A

Femoral nerve

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28
Q

Blood supply for vastus medialis

A

Femoral artery

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29
Q

Action for vastus medialis

A

Extension of knee

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30
Q

Nerve supply for vastus intermedius

A

Femoral nerve

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31
Q

Blood supply for vastus intermedius

A

Femoral artery

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32
Q

Action for vastus intermedius

A

Extension of knee

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33
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

Biceps femoris
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Tensor fascia lata

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34
Q

Nerve supply to tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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35
Q

Blood supply to tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal artery

36
Q

Action of tensor fascia lata

A

Stabilizes extended knee
Flexion of hip
ABduction of hip
Internal rotation of hip

37
Q

Nerve supply of pectineus

A

Femoral nerve

38
Q

Blood supply of pectineus

A

Femoral profunda artery

39
Q

Action of pectineus

A

Flexion of hip

ADDuction of hip

40
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Two heads of gastrocnemius

41
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A 
Popliteal artery and vein
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Lymph nodes
42
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus

43
Q

Nerve supply of tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve

44
Q

Blood supply of tibialis anterior

A

Anterior tibial artery

45
Q

Action of tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Inversion of foot

46
Q

Nerve supply of extensor hallicus longus

A

Deep fibular nerve

47
Q

Blood supply of extensor hallicus longus

A

Anterior tibial artery

48
Q

Action of extensor hallicus longus

A

Extension of great toe at IP joint

49
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus

A

Extension of toes 2-5

50
Q

Blood supply of extensor digitorum longus

A

Anterior tibial artery

51
Q

Nerve supply of extensor digitorum longus

A

Deep fibular artery

52
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

53
Q

Blood supply of fibularis longus

A

Fibular artery

54
Q

Nerve supply of fibularis longus

A

Superficial fibular nerve

55
Q

Action of fibularis longus

A

Foot eversion

56
Q

Blood supply of fibularis brevis

A

Fibular artery

57
Q

Nerve supply of fibularis brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve

58
Q

Action of fibularis brevis

A

Foot eversion

59
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

60
Q

What muscles make up the triceps surae?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

61
Q

Action of gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

62
Q

Nerve supply of gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve

63
Q

Blood supply of gastrocnemius

A

Posterior tibial artery, fibular artery

64
Q

Blood supply of soleus

A

Posterior tibial artery

65
Q

Nerve supply of soleus

A

Tibial nerve

66
Q

Action of soleus

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

67
Q

Blood supply of plantaris

A

Posterior tibial artery

68
Q

Nerve supply of plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

69
Q

Action of plantaris

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

Flexion of knee

70
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Popliteus

71
Q

Action of tibialis posterior

A

Inversion of foot

Plantarflexion of ankle

72
Q

Blood supply of tibialis posterior

A

Posterior tibial artery

73
Q

Nerve supply of tibialis posterior

A

Tibial nerve

74
Q

Action of flexor digitorum longus

A

Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP joints

Plantarflexion of ankle

75
Q

Blood supply of flexor digitorum longus

A

Posterior tibial artery

76
Q

Nerve supply of flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve

77
Q

Action of flexor hallicus longus

A

Flexion of great toe at IP joint

78
Q

Blood supply of flexor hallicus longus

A

Posterior tibial artery

79
Q

Nerve supply of flexor hallicus longus

A

Tibial nerve

80
Q

Action of popliteus

A

“Unlocks” extended knee to initiate knee flexion by internal rotation of the tibia or external rotation of the femur

81
Q

Blood supply of popliteus

A

Popliteal artery

82
Q

Nerve supply of popliteus

A

Tibial nerve

83
Q

What structure makes up the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

84
Q

What structures go through the tarsal tunnel, starting inferiorly from the medial malleolus?

A

“Tom, Dick, And, Nervous Harry”

(T)ibialis Posterior
Flexor (Di)gitorum Longus
Posterior Tibial (A)rtery
Tibial (Nerv)e
Flexor (Ha)llicus Longus
85
Q

What is the most commonly damaged nerve in the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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