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BUPA Anatomy > Hip, Gluteal Region, & Thigh > Flashcards

Hip, Gluteal Region, & Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lower extremities

A

Weight support
Locomotion
Maintain balance

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2
Q

3 bones of the pelvis

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

Hip socket

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

Name of the hip joint

A

Coxal joint

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5
Q

Articulate surface of acetabulum

A

Lunate surface

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6
Q

C-shaped cartilage around the acetabulum

A

Acetabular labrum

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7
Q

These two things enclose the acetabular joint

A

Acetabular labrum

Transverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

Connects head of the femur to acetabulum

A

Round ligament

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9
Q

Round ligament carries which vessel to the femoral head?

A

A branch of the obturator nerve

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10
Q

What would happen if you damaged the branch of the obturator nerve to the femoral head?

A

Avascular necrosis - no other supply to the femoral head

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11
Q

Connects AIIS to intertrochanteric line; prevents hyperextension of the hip

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Connects the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the femoral neck

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

Connects the pubic bone to the joint capsule and iliofemoral ligament; prevents overabduction

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

What 3 ligaments spiral to become taut with hip extension to keep the femoral head in the acetabulum?

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin that contains loose connective tissue, fat, cutaneous nerves, veins, lymphatics

A

Superficial fascia

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16
Q

Deep fascia of the leg contains which important structures?

A

Iliotibial tract

Fascia lata

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17
Q

What are the 3 components of the leg separates by?

A

Intermuscular septa

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18
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb and where are they located?

A

Great saphenous vein (medial)

Small saphenous vein (posterior)

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19
Q

Where to the great and small saphenous veins drain into?

A

Femoral vein

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20
Q

What dermatomes correspond to the anterior and medial part of the limb?

A

L1-L5

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21
Q

What dermatomes correspond to the posterior aspect of the limb?

A

S1 & S2

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22
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Sartorius

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23
Q

What are the knee extensors?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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24
Q

Origin of iliopsoas

A

Iliac fossa

Lumbar vertebrae

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25
Insertion of iliopsoas
Lesser trochanter of femur
26
Origin of sartorius
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
27
Insertion of sartorius
Medial tibia
28
Actions of sartorius
Flex, abduct, and laterally rotate hip | Flex knee
29
Origin of pectineus
Superior ramus of pubis
30
Insertion of pectineus
Pectineus line of femur
31
Action of pectineus
Hip adduction, flexion, and medial rotation
32
What are the knee extensors?
Quadriceps femoris: Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
33
The patellar tendon reflex tests which nerve and spinal levels?
Femoral | L2-L4
34
What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral nerve
35
What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles? What are the exceptions?
Obturator nerve Adductor magnus - tibial nerve
36
What are the muscles of the medial compartment?
``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus ```
37
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
38
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?
``` Sartorius Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Pectineus Iliopsoas ```
39
Origin of adductor muscles
Ischial tuberosity
40
Insertion of adductor muscles
Femoral shaft
41
What is the role of the adductor hiatus?
Transmits femoral artery/vein from anterior to posterior
42
What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles? What are the exceptions?
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve Short head of biceps femoris - common fibular nerve
43
What is a clinical use for the gracilis?
Gracilis transplant - its a small, thin muscles that can be removed without much notice; used to replace damaged muscles elsewhere
44
Common area of hernias
Femoral triangle
45
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
``` Inguinal ligament (superior) Sartorius (lateral) Adductor longus (medial) ```
46
What passes through the femoral triangle?
NAVL: Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Lymphatics
47
What does the femoral sheath enclose?
Femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics NOT the femoral nerve
48
What happens if you press on the pubis?
Compression of the femoral artery
49
What is the level of the iliac crests?
L4/L5
50
What are the two pelvic ligaments that convert the sciatic notches into foramina?
Sacrotuberous ligament | Sacrospinous ligament
51
Action of pectineus
Flexion of hip | Adduction of hip
52
What muscle “locks” your hips?
Tensor fascia lata
53
Action of adductor longus
Adduction of hip | Flexion of hip
54
Action of adductor magnus
Anterior head: adduction/flexion of hip Posterior head: adduction/extension of hip
55
Action of adductor brevis
Adduction of hip | Flexion of hip
56
Action of pectineus
Adduction of hip | Flexion of hip
57
Origin of gluteus maximus
Posterior sacrum | Posterior ilium
58
Insertion of gluteus maximus
IT band | Gluteal tuberosity of femur
59
Blood supply of gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal artery | Superior gluteal artery
60
Nerve supply of gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
61
Action of gluteus maximus
Extension of hip | External rotation of extended hip
62
Action of tensor fascia lata
Stabilizes extended knee Flexion of hip ABduction of hip Internal rotation of hip
63
Nerve supply of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal nerve
64
Blood supply of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal artery
65
Origin of tensor fascia lata
Anterior iliac crest
66
Insertion or tensor fascia lata
IT band
67
Origin of gluteus medius
Ilium | Iliac crest
68
Insertion of gluteus medius
Greater trochanter of femur
69
Origin of gluteus minimus
Ilium
70
Insertion of gluteus minimus
Greater trochanter of femur
71
Blood supply of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal artery
72
Blood supply of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal artery
73
Nerve supply of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal nerve
74
Nerve supply of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal nerve
75
Action of gluteus medius
ABduction of hip | Internal rotation of hip
76
Action of gluteus minimus
ABduction of hip | Internal rotation of hip
77
A positive trendenlenburg sign indicates a lesion of what?
The superior gluteal nerve on the contralateral side
78
What are the lateral rotators of the thigh?
``` Piriformis Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Obturator internus Quadratus femoris ```
79
Origin of piriformis
Sacrotuberous ligament
80
Insertion of piriformis
Greater trochanter of femur
81
Action of piriformis
External rotation of hip
82
Blood supply of piriformis
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
83
Nerve supply of piriformis
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
84
Origin of superior gemellus
Ischial spine
85
Insertion of superior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa
86
Origin of obturator internus
Pubis and obturator membrane
87
Insertion of obturator internus
Trochanteric fossa of femur
88
Origin of inferior gemellus
Ischial tuberosity
89
Insertion of inferior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa
90
Origin of quadratus femoris
Ischial tuberosity
91
Insertion of quadratus femoris
Intertrochanteric crest
92
What are the 3 gluteal bursae?
Trochanteric bursa Ischial bursa Gluteofemoral bursa
93
What comes out superiorly to piriformis? Inferiorly?
Superiorly: superior gluteal artery/vein Inferiorly: inferior gluteal artery/vein, sciatic nerve
94
Best site for intramuscular injections?
Upper lateral quadrant; avoids major vessels/nerves
95
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?
``` Hamstrings: Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris long head Biceps femoris short head ```
96
What are the functions of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
Hip extensors, knee flexors
97
Origin of semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
98
Origin of semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
99
Origin of biceps femoris short head
Lines aspera
100
Origin of biceps femoris long head
Ischial tuberosity
101
Insertion of semimembranosus
Posterior medial tibial condyle
102
Insertion of semitendinosus
Proximal medial tibial shaft via pes anserinus
103
Insertion of biceps femoris
Lateral aspect of head of fibula | Lateral condyle of tibia
104
Innervation of semitendinosus
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
105
Innervation of semimembranosus
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
106
Innervation of biceps femoris long head
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
107
Innervation of biceps femoris short head
Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
108
What are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus and their nerve roots? What part of the thigh/hip do they innervate?
Femoral nerve: L2-L4 (anterior thigh) Obturator nerve: L2-L4 (medial thigh) Gluteal nerve: L4-S2 (gluteal region) Sciatic nerve: L4-S3 (posterior thigh, leg, foot)
109
What motor and sensory innervation does the sciatic nerve provide?
Motor: posterior thigh, leg, foot Sensory: skin of lateral leg and all of foot
110
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
Sciatic nerve, under the piriformis
111
Where do the lymphatics of the leg dump into?
Femoral triangle
112
Blood supply of gracilis
Femoral profunda artery
113
Nerve supply of gracilis
Obturator nerve
114
Action of gracilis
ADDuction of hip Flexion of knee Internal rotation of flexed knee

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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