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BUPA Anatomy > Hip, Gluteal Region, & Thigh > Flashcards

Hip, Gluteal Region, & Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lower extremities

A

Weight support
Locomotion
Maintain balance

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2
Q

3 bones of the pelvis

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

Hip socket

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

Name of the hip joint

A

Coxal joint

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5
Q

Articulate surface of acetabulum

A

Lunate surface

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6
Q

C-shaped cartilage around the acetabulum

A

Acetabular labrum

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7
Q

These two things enclose the acetabular joint

A

Acetabular labrum

Transverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

Connects head of the femur to acetabulum

A

Round ligament

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9
Q

Round ligament carries which vessel to the femoral head?

A

A branch of the obturator nerve

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10
Q

What would happen if you damaged the branch of the obturator nerve to the femoral head?

A

Avascular necrosis - no other supply to the femoral head

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11
Q

Connects AIIS to intertrochanteric line; prevents hyperextension of the hip

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Connects the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the femoral neck

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

Connects the pubic bone to the joint capsule and iliofemoral ligament; prevents overabduction

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

What 3 ligaments spiral to become taut with hip extension to keep the femoral head in the acetabulum?

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin that contains loose connective tissue, fat, cutaneous nerves, veins, lymphatics

A

Superficial fascia

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16
Q

Deep fascia of the leg contains which important structures?

A

Iliotibial tract

Fascia lata

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17
Q

What are the 3 components of the leg separates by?

A

Intermuscular septa

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18
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb and where are they located?

A

Great saphenous vein (medial)

Small saphenous vein (posterior)

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19
Q

Where to the great and small saphenous veins drain into?

A

Femoral vein

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20
Q

What dermatomes correspond to the anterior and medial part of the limb?

A

L1-L5

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21
Q

What dermatomes correspond to the posterior aspect of the limb?

A

S1 & S2

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22
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Sartorius

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23
Q

What are the knee extensors?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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24
Q

Origin of iliopsoas

A

Iliac fossa

Lumbar vertebrae

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25
Q

Insertion of iliopsoas

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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26
Q

Origin of sartorius

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

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27
Q

Insertion of sartorius

A

Medial tibia

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28
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

Flex, abduct, and laterally rotate hip

Flex knee

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29
Q

Origin of pectineus

A

Superior ramus of pubis

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30
Q

Insertion of pectineus

A

Pectineus line of femur

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31
Q

Action of pectineus

A

Hip adduction, flexion, and medial rotation

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32
Q

What are the knee extensors?

A

Quadriceps femoris:

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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33
Q

The patellar tendon reflex tests which nerve and spinal levels?

A

Femoral

L2-L4

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34
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

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35
Q

What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles? What are the exceptions?

A

Obturator nerve

Adductor magnus - tibial nerve

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36
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
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37
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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38
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A 
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
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39
Q

Origin of adductor muscles

A

Ischial tuberosity

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40
Q

Insertion of adductor muscles

A

Femoral shaft

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41
Q

What is the role of the adductor hiatus?

A

Transmits femoral artery/vein from anterior to posterior

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42
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles? What are the exceptions?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Short head of biceps femoris - common fibular nerve

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43
Q

What is a clinical use for the gracilis?

A

Gracilis transplant - its a small, thin muscles that can be removed without much notice; used to replace damaged muscles elsewhere

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44
Q

Common area of hernias

A

Femoral triangle

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45
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
Inguinal ligament (superior)
Sartorius (lateral)
Adductor longus (medial)
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46
Q

What passes through the femoral triangle?

A

NAVL:

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

47
Q

What does the femoral sheath enclose?

A

Femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics

NOT the femoral nerve

48
Q

What happens if you press on the pubis?

A

Compression of the femoral artery

49
Q

What is the level of the iliac crests?

A

L4/L5

50
Q

What are the two pelvic ligaments that convert the sciatic notches into foramina?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

51
Q

Action of pectineus

A

Flexion of hip

Adduction of hip

52
Q

What muscle “locks” your hips?

A

Tensor fascia lata

53
Q

Action of adductor longus

A

Adduction of hip

Flexion of hip

54
Q

Action of adductor magnus

A

Anterior head: adduction/flexion of hip

Posterior head: adduction/extension of hip

55
Q

Action of adductor brevis

A

Adduction of hip

Flexion of hip

56
Q

Action of pectineus

A

Adduction of hip

Flexion of hip

57
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus

A

Posterior sacrum

Posterior ilium

58
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus

A

IT band

Gluteal tuberosity of femur

59
Q

Blood supply of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal artery

Superior gluteal artery

60
Q

Nerve supply of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

61
Q

Action of gluteus maximus

A

Extension of hip

External rotation of extended hip

62
Q

Action of tensor fascia lata

A

Stabilizes extended knee
Flexion of hip
ABduction of hip
Internal rotation of hip

63
Q

Nerve supply of tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal nerve

64
Q

Blood supply of tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal artery

65
Q

Origin of tensor fascia lata

A

Anterior iliac crest

66
Q

Insertion or tensor fascia lata

A

IT band

67
Q

Origin of gluteus medius

A

Ilium

Iliac crest

68
Q

Insertion of gluteus medius

A

Greater trochanter of femur

69
Q

Origin of gluteus minimus

A

Ilium

70
Q

Insertion of gluteus minimus

A

Greater trochanter of femur

71
Q

Blood supply of gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal artery

72
Q

Blood supply of gluteus medius

A

Superior gluteal artery

73
Q

Nerve supply of gluteus medius

A

Superior gluteal nerve

74
Q

Nerve supply of gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

75
Q

Action of gluteus medius

A

ABduction of hip

Internal rotation of hip

76
Q

Action of gluteus minimus

A

ABduction of hip

Internal rotation of hip

77
Q

A positive trendenlenburg sign indicates a lesion of what?

A

The superior gluteal nerve on the contralateral side

78
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the thigh?

A 
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
79
Q

Origin of piriformis

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

80
Q

Insertion of piriformis

A

Greater trochanter of femur

81
Q

Action of piriformis

A

External rotation of hip

82
Q

Blood supply of piriformis

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

83
Q

Nerve supply of piriformis

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves

84
Q

Origin of superior gemellus

A

Ischial spine

85
Q

Insertion of superior gemellus

A

Trochanteric fossa

86
Q

Origin of obturator internus

A

Pubis and obturator membrane

87
Q

Insertion of obturator internus

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

88
Q

Origin of inferior gemellus

A

Ischial tuberosity

89
Q

Insertion of inferior gemellus

A

Trochanteric fossa

90
Q

Origin of quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

91
Q

Insertion of quadratus femoris

A

Intertrochanteric crest

92
Q

What are the 3 gluteal bursae?

A

Trochanteric bursa
Ischial bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa

93
Q

What comes out superiorly to piriformis? Inferiorly?

A

Superiorly: superior gluteal artery/vein
Inferiorly: inferior gluteal artery/vein, sciatic nerve

94
Q

Best site for intramuscular injections?

A

Upper lateral quadrant; avoids major vessels/nerves

95
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A 
Hamstrings:
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris long head
Biceps femoris short head
96
Q

What are the functions of the muscles in the posterior compartment?

A

Hip extensors, knee flexors

97
Q

Origin of semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

98
Q

Origin of semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

99
Q

Origin of biceps femoris short head

A

Lines aspera

100
Q

Origin of biceps femoris long head

A

Ischial tuberosity

101
Q

Insertion of semimembranosus

A

Posterior medial tibial condyle

102
Q

Insertion of semitendinosus

A

Proximal medial tibial shaft via pes anserinus

103
Q

Insertion of biceps femoris

A

Lateral aspect of head of fibula

Lateral condyle of tibia

104
Q

Innervation of semitendinosus

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

105
Q

Innervation of semimembranosus

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

106
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris long head

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

107
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris short head

A

Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

108
Q

What are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus and their nerve roots? What part of the thigh/hip do they innervate?

A

Femoral nerve: L2-L4 (anterior thigh)
Obturator nerve: L2-L4 (medial thigh)
Gluteal nerve: L4-S2 (gluteal region)
Sciatic nerve: L4-S3 (posterior thigh, leg, foot)

109
Q

What motor and sensory innervation does the sciatic nerve provide?

A

Motor: posterior thigh, leg, foot
Sensory: skin of lateral leg and all of foot

110
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sciatic nerve, under the piriformis

111
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the leg dump into?

A

Femoral triangle

112
Q

Blood supply of gracilis

A

Femoral profunda artery

113
Q

Nerve supply of gracilis

A

Obturator nerve

114
Q

Action of gracilis

A

ADDuction of hip
Flexion of knee
Internal rotation of flexed knee

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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