Cardiology Flashcards
What two membranes contribute to the formation of the foramen ovale?
Septum primum
Septum secandum
Remnants of the foramen ovale
Fossa ovalis
What is anterior and posterior to the transverse pericardial sinus?
Anterior: aorta, pulmonary trunk
Posterior: superior vena cava, pulmonary veins
What are the borders of the superior mediastinum?
1st ribs
Manubrium
T1
What is the border of the inferior mediastinum?
Diaphragm
What is located in the anterior inferior mediastinum?
Fat
Lymph vessels
Internal thoracic vessels
Sternopericardial ligaments
What is located in the middle inferior mediastinum?
Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels
Main Bronchi
What is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum?
Aorta
Esophagus
Thoracic Duct
Sympathetic Chain
Runs anterior to the root of the lung; through the pericardium
Phrenic nerves
What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?
- Central tendon of diaphragm
- Sternum via sternopericardial ligaments
Allow for increased filling of atria without taking up more space
Auricles
What openings are located in the right atrium (aside from the tricuspid valve)?
SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus
Where the SA node sits; fusion of fetal and adult coronary tissue
Crista terminalis
Remnants of the primitive atrium
Pectinate muscle
What are the 3 cusps of the right AV valve?
Anterior
Posterior
Septal
Remnants of the primitive ventricle
Trabeculae carneae
Connects valves to the papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
Responsible for opening and closing the valves
Papillary muscles
Where does the right coronary artery travel?
In the coronary groove
The right coronary artery gives off which branches?
Anterior: right marginal branch
Posterior: posterior descending/interventricular branch (if RIGHT-DOMINANT)
The left coronary artery gives off which branches?
Anterior: left anterior descending branch
Posterior: left circumflex branch
Lateral: Left marginal artery
The LAD of the left coronary artery gives off which branches?
Diagonal branch of the LAD
What branches come off the coronary sinus?
Continuation: great cardiac vein
Posterior: middle cardiac vein (off coronary sinus) and posterior vein of the left ventricle
Anterior: small cardiac vein
Innervation of the parietal pericardium
Phrenic nerve
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the heart?
Sympathetic: cardiac nerve from sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic: vagus nerve
Form superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
Where does the vagus run in the middle inferior mediastinum?
Anterior to the aorta, posterior to the room of the lung (pulmonary artery)
Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves loop?
Right: right subclavian
Left: aorta
Remnant of the ductus arteriosum
Ligamentum arteriosum
Trace back the cardiac nerves to the spine.
Cardiac nerve —> paravertebral ganglia —> sympathetic trunk —> white ramus communicans —> ventral ramus —> spinal nerve —> ventral root
Vertebral level of the aortic arch and tracheal bifurcation
T4/T5
What are the borders of the posterior inferior mediastinum?
T5-T12
Posterior pericardium
Diaphragm
Parietal pleural of bilateral lungs
What branches does the descending aorta give off?
Bronchial arteries
Esophageal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries
What is special about the azygos vein?
It has no valves
How did fetal circulation bypass the liver? Lungs? Right ventricle?
Liver - ductus venosus
Lungs - ductus arteriosus
Right ventricle - foramen ovale
