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BUPA Anatomy > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What two membranes contribute to the formation of the foramen ovale?

A

Septum primum

Septum secandum

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2
Q

Remnants of the foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

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3
Q

What is anterior and posterior to the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Anterior: aorta, pulmonary trunk

Posterior: superior vena cava, pulmonary veins

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4
Q

What are the borders of the superior mediastinum?

A

1st ribs
Manubrium
T1

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5
Q

What is the border of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Diaphragm

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6
Q

What is located in the anterior inferior mediastinum?

A

Fat
Lymph vessels
Internal thoracic vessels
Sternopericardial ligaments

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7
Q

What is located in the middle inferior mediastinum?

A

Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels
Main Bronchi

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8
Q

What is located in the posterior inferior mediastinum?

A

Aorta
Esophagus
Thoracic Duct
Sympathetic Chain

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9
Q

Runs anterior to the root of the lung; through the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerves

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10
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?

A
  • Central tendon of diaphragm

- Sternum via sternopericardial ligaments

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11
Q

Allow for increased filling of atria without taking up more space

A

Auricles

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12
Q

What openings are located in the right atrium (aside from the tricuspid valve)?

A

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus

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13
Q

Where the SA node sits; fusion of fetal and adult coronary tissue

A

Crista terminalis

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14
Q

Remnants of the primitive atrium

A

Pectinate muscle

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15
Q

What are the 3 cusps of the right AV valve?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

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16
Q

Remnants of the primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculae carneae

17
Q

Connects valves to the papillary muscles

A

Chordae tendinae

18
Q

Responsible for opening and closing the valves

A

Papillary muscles

19
Q

Where does the right coronary artery travel?

A

In the coronary groove

20
Q

The right coronary artery gives off which branches?

A

Anterior: right marginal branch

Posterior: posterior descending/interventricular branch (if RIGHT-DOMINANT)

21
Q

The left coronary artery gives off which branches?

A

Anterior: left anterior descending branch

Posterior: left circumflex branch

Lateral: Left marginal artery

22
Q

The LAD of the left coronary artery gives off which branches?

A

Diagonal branch of the LAD

23
Q

What branches come off the coronary sinus?

A

Continuation: great cardiac vein

Posterior: middle cardiac vein (off coronary sinus) and posterior vein of the left ventricle

Anterior: small cardiac vein

24
Q

Innervation of the parietal pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

25
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the heart?

A

Sympathetic: cardiac nerve from sympathetic trunk

Parasympathetic: vagus nerve

Form superficial and deep cardiac plexuses

26
Q

Where does the vagus run in the middle inferior mediastinum?

A

Anterior to the aorta, posterior to the room of the lung (pulmonary artery)

27
Q

Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves loop?

A

Right: right subclavian

Left: aorta

28
Q

Remnant of the ductus arteriosum

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

29
Q

Trace back the cardiac nerves to the spine.

A

Cardiac nerve —> paravertebral ganglia —> sympathetic trunk —> white ramus communicans —> ventral ramus —> spinal nerve —> ventral root

30
Q

Vertebral level of the aortic arch and tracheal bifurcation

A

T4/T5

31
Q

What are the borders of the posterior inferior mediastinum?

A

T5-T12
Posterior pericardium
Diaphragm
Parietal pleural of bilateral lungs

32
Q

What branches does the descending aorta give off?

A

Bronchial arteries
Esophageal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries

33
Q

What is special about the azygos vein?

A

It has no valves

34
Q

How did fetal circulation bypass the liver? Lungs? Right ventricle?

A

Liver - ductus venosus

Lungs - ductus arteriosus

Right ventricle - foramen ovale

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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