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BUPA Anatomy > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Lines walls of the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal pleura

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2
Q

Lines surface of the lung

A

Visceral pleura

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3
Q

Space between the visceral and parietal pleura

A

Pleural space

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4
Q

Located inferior to the root of the lung, area of fusion between the parietal and visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary ligament

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5
Q

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura?

A

Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

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6
Q

To what landmarks does the parietal pleural layer extend to at mid respiration?

A

Anterior down to rib 8
Laterally down to rib 10
Posteriorly down to T12

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7
Q

To what landmarks does the visceral pleural layer extend to at mid respiration?

A

Anterior down to rib 6
Laterally down to rib 8
Posteriorly down to T10

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8
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate the parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerve

Phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What are the lateral inferior corners of the thoracic cavity called?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

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10
Q

Inflammation of the pleural layers

A

Pleurisy

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11
Q

Build up of fluid in the pleural cavity (give two examples)

A

Pleural effusion

Ex. Hydrothorax, hemothorax

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12
Q

Between what intercostal spaces should you aim for during a thoracentesis? Why?

A

Intercostal spaces 8-10 at the midaxillary line in order to avoid hitting lung

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13
Q

What is an sign of a severe pneumothorax that can be seen without imaging?

A

A shifted trachea from midline

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14
Q

Collapsed lung

A

Pneumothorax

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15
Q

At what level will you find the horizontal fissure of the right lung?

A

4th intercostal space

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16
Q

At what level will you find the oblique fissures on the left and right lungs?

A

T4-T6 intercostal spaces

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17
Q

What does the horizontal fissure separate in the lung?

A

Superior lobe from middle lobe on RIGHT lung

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18
Q

What does the oblique fissure separate in the lungs?

A

The inferior lobes from the middle (right lung) or superior (left lung) lobes

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19
Q

Where is the apex of the lung located?

A

Above the 1st rib

20
Q

What part of the lung makes room for the heart?

A

The cardiac notch in the left lung

21
Q

What part of the lung sticks out under the cardiac notch?

A

Lingula

22
Q

What impressions can be found in the right lung?

A 
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Azygos vein
Esophagus
Brachiocephalic vein
23
Q

What impressions can be found in the left lung?

A

Subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Esophagus

24
Q

What is the order of the pulmonary arteries in the hilums of the right and left lungs?

A

RALS: Right Anterior, Left Superior

Right PA is anterior to the bronchus, Left PA is superior to the bronchus

25
Q

Where does cartilage in the bronchial system end?

A

Alveoli/capillary beds

26
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate? What is this bifurcation called?

A

T4/T5 (sternal angle)

Carina

27
Q

Where does choking mostly occur? Why?

A

In the right main bronchus because it is wider, shorter, and more vertical. “Inhale a bite, goes down the right”

28
Q

What is the order of the bronchial tree after the trachea?

A

Main bronchus —> lobar bronchus (secondary) —> segmental bronchi (tertiary)

29
Q

How many lobar bronchi does each lung have?

A

Left: 2
Right: 3

30
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung? What are they separated by?

A

10

Fibrous septa

31
Q

A hydrophobic substance secreted by Type II alveolar cells that repels from water and keeps lungs from collapsing

A

Surfactant

32
Q

What arteries and veins supply the lung tissue?

A

Bronchial arteries

Bronchial veins

33
Q

Where do the left and right bronchial arteries arise from?

A

Left: thoracic aorta
Right: right 3rd intercostal artery (which comes off the aorta)

34
Q

Where do the right and left bronchial veins drain into?

A

Right: azygos vein
Left: accessory hemiazygos vein

35
Q

What part of the pulmonary plexus provides parasympathetic pulmonary innervation? What do they do?

A

Left and right vagus nerves (CN X)

Cause bronchoconstriction and vasodilation

36
Q

What part of the pulmonary plexus provides sympathetic pulmonary innervation? What do they do?

A

Nerves from the sympathetic trunk

Cause bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

37
Q

What is the pathway for pulmonary lymph drainage, starting from the right pulmonary lymph?

A

Right pulmonary lymph —> right tracheobronchial nodes —> right bronchomediastinal trunk —> right lymphatic duct —> right venous angle

38
Q

What is the tendon of the diaphragm called?

A

Central tendon

39
Q

Where does the innervation of the diaphragm originate?

A

C3/C4/C5

40
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach?

A

Xiphoid
Costal margin
Ribs 11-12
Lumbar vertebrae (L/R crura)

41
Q

What are the 3 openings of the diaphragm and at what level are they located?

A

Caval opening: T8
Esophageal hiatus: T10
Aortic hiatus: T12

42
Q

What nerves innervate the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerves (bilaterally)

Intercostal nerves (peripherally)

43
Q

What is unique about lung innervation?

A

The left and right halves are independently innervated

44
Q

What muscles are responsible for expiration?

A

Internal intercostals

45
Q

What muscles are responsible for inspiration?

A

External intercostals

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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