Back & Spine Flashcards
(46 cards)
Which curvatures have lordosis? Which have kyphosis?
Lordosis: cervical, lumbar
Kyphosis: thoracic, sacral
What is the difference between primary and secondary curvature?
Primary: develops during fetal period (thoracic and sacral)
Secondary: develops later due to posture (cervical and lumbar)
What are the processes of a vertebra?
1 spinous
2 transverse
4 articular (2 superior, 2 inferior)
Where do the spinal nerves exit?
C1-C7 = superior to corresponding vertebrae C8-Co = inferior to corresponding vertebrae
Another name for C1
Atlas
Another name for C2
Axis
C1/C2 joint
Atlantoaxial joint
What movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?
Nodding of head
What movement does the atlantoaxial joint allow?
Rotation of head
How can you distinguish between different vertebrae?
Cervical - will have a vertebral artery foramen on both sides
Thoracic - heart-shaped body
Lumbar - kidney-shaped body; short spinous process
Outer, fibrous, concentric rings of the spinous disc
Annulus fibroSUS
Inner gelatinous mass of a spinous disc
Nucleus pulposus
Between the articular processes; permit gliding between articular surfaces
Zygapophyseal joints
What happens during a herniated disc?
Annulus fibrosus breaks and nucleus pulposus leaks and puts pressure on the spinal cord
What are the erector spinae muscles?
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Nerve supply of trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Blood supply of the trapezius
Transverse cervical artery
Action of the trapezius
Elevation/depression/retraction/upward rotation of scapula
Blood supply of rhomboid minor
Dorsal scapular artery
Nerve supply of rhomboid minor
Dorsal scapular nerve
Action of rhomboid minor
Retraction of scapula
Downward rotation of scapula
Action of rhomboid major
Retraction of scapula
Downward rotation of scapula
Nerve supply of rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular nerve
Blood supply of rhomboid major
Dorsal scapular artery
