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BUPA Anatomy > Back & Spine > Flashcards

Back & Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Which curvatures have lordosis? Which have kyphosis?

A

Lordosis: cervical, lumbar
Kyphosis: thoracic, sacral

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2
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary curvature?

A

Primary: develops during fetal period (thoracic and sacral)
Secondary: develops later due to posture (cervical and lumbar)

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3
Q

What are the processes of a vertebra?

A

1 spinous
2 transverse
4 articular (2 superior, 2 inferior)

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4
Q

Where do the spinal nerves exit?

A 
C1-C7 = superior to corresponding vertebrae
C8-Co = inferior to corresponding vertebrae
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5
Q

Another name for C1

A

Atlas

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6
Q

Another name for C2

A

Axis

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7
Q

C1/C2 joint

A

Atlantoaxial joint

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8
Q

What movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?

A

Nodding of head

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9
Q

What movement does the atlantoaxial joint allow?

A

Rotation of head

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10
Q

How can you distinguish between different vertebrae?

A

Cervical - will have a vertebral artery foramen on both sides
Thoracic - heart-shaped body
Lumbar - kidney-shaped body; short spinous process

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11
Q

Outer, fibrous, concentric rings of the spinous disc

A

Annulus fibroSUS

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12
Q

Inner gelatinous mass of a spinous disc

A

Nucleus pulposus

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13
Q

Between the articular processes; permit gliding between articular surfaces

A

Zygapophyseal joints

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14
Q

What happens during a herniated disc?

A

Annulus fibrosus breaks and nucleus pulposus leaks and puts pressure on the spinal cord

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15
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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16
Q

Nerve supply of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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17
Q

Blood supply of the trapezius

A

Transverse cervical artery

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18
Q

Action of the trapezius

A

Elevation/depression/retraction/upward rotation of scapula

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19
Q

Blood supply of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular artery

20
Q

Nerve supply of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

21
Q

Action of rhomboid minor

A

Retraction of scapula

Downward rotation of scapula

22
Q

Action of rhomboid major

A

Retraction of scapula

Downward rotation of scapula

23
Q

Nerve supply of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

24
Q

Blood supply of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular artery

25
Q

Action of levator scapulae

A

Elevation of scapula

Downward rotation of scapula

26
Q

Nerve supply of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

27
Q

Blood supply of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular artery

28
Q

Action of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension of shoulder
Internal rotation of shoulder
ADDuction of shoulder

29
Q

Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

30
Q

Blood supply of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal artery

31
Q

Action of iliocostalis

A

Bilaterally - extension of vertebral column

Unilaterally - lateral flexion of vertebral column

32
Q

Blood supply of iliocostalis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

33
Q

Blood supply of iliocostalis

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

Lumbar arteries

34
Q

Origin/Insertion of iliocostalis

A

Ribs, transverse processes

35
Q

Origin/insertion of longissimus

A

Ribs, transverse processes, mastoid process

36
Q

Action of longissimus

A

Bilaterally - extension of vertebral column

Unilaterally - lateral flexion of vertebral column

37
Q

Blood supply of longissimus

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

Lumbar arteries

38
Q

Nerve supply of longissimus

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Action of spinalis

A

Bilaterally - extension of vertebral column

Unilaterally - lateral flexion of vertebral column

40
Q

Origin/Insertion of spinalis

A

Spinous processes

41
Q

Nerve supply of spinalis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

42
Q

Blood supply of spinalis

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

Lumbar arteries

43
Q

What is the most common location for a herniated disc?

A

Between L4/L5 or L5/S1

44
Q

Itchy, sharp pain caused by nerve roots

A

Radiculopathy

45
Q

Lamina of L5 or S1 don’t fuse but covered by skin; indicated by birthmark or tuft

A

Spina bifida occulta

46
Q

Vertebral arches don’t develop at all —> herniation of meninges (meningocele) or spinal cord (meningomyelocele)

A

Spina bifida cystica

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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