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BUPA Anatomy > Head/Neck > Flashcards

Head/Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the scalp

A 
SCALP:
Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Connective Tissue (blood supply)
Percranium
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2
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve and what part of the face do they innervate?

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) - superior face

Maxillary nerve (V2) - middle face

Mandibular nerve (V3) - inferior face

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3
Q

The trigeminal nerve provides what kind of innervation?

A

Sensory

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4
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal is the only one to provide motor innervation?

A

Mandibular nerve (V3) to mastication muscles

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5
Q

Provide sensation to the back of the neck/head

A

Posterior rami of C2-C4

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6
Q

Provide sensation to the anterior/lateral neck

A

Anterior rami of C2-C4

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7
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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8
Q

Action of temporalis

A

Elevate and retract mandible

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9
Q

Innervation of temporalis

A

CN V

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10
Q

Blood supply of temporalis

A

Maxillary Artery

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11
Q

Action of masseter

A

Elevate mandible

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12
Q

Blood supply of masseter

A

Maxillary artery

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13
Q

Innervation of masseter

A

CN V

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14
Q

Action of lateral pterygoid

A

Protraction and lateral movements

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15
Q

Innervation of lateral pterygoid

A

CN V

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16
Q

Innervation of medial pterygoid

A

CN V

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17
Q

Blood supply of lateral pterygoid

A

Maxillary artery

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18
Q

Blood supply of medial pterygoid

A

Maxillary artery

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19
Q

Action of medial pterygoid

A

Elevate mandible

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20
Q

What does the corneal reflex test?

A

CN V1 and CN VII

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21
Q

What are the branches of CN VII (facial nerve)? What kind of sensation do they provide?

A 
Temporal branches
Zygomatic branches
Buccal branches
Marginal mandibular branches
Cervical branches

Motor innervation

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22
Q

What passes through the parotid gland?

A
  • 5 branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)
  • retromandibular vein
  • external carotid artery
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23
Q

What emerges anteriorly from the parotid gland?

A
  • 5 branches of the facial nerve
  • parotid duct
  • transverse facial artery
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24
Q

What emerges superiorly from the parotid gland?

A

Superficial temporal artery and vein (can palpate)

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25
Q

What two gland produce spit?

A

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

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26
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid, inferior to superior?

A 
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery (with the buccal artery branching off)
Superficial temporal artery
Transverse facial artery
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27
Q

What are the 4 sinuses in the cranial bones?

A

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal

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28
Q

What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary artery
Facial artery
Ethmoidal artery

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29
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalantine vein
Facial vein
Ophthalmic vein

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30
Q

Anterior innervation of the nasal cavity

A

CN V1

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31
Q

Posterior innervation of the nasal cavity

A

CN V2

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32
Q

Superior innervation of the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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33
Q

What is a unique structure location in the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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34
Q

4 types of teeth

A

Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars

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35
Q

Mains parts of the tooth

A

Crown
Neck
Root

Enamel/Cement
Dentine
Pulp Cavity/Root canal

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36
Q

What structures are found in the oral cavity?

A 
Frenulum of tongue
Palatoglossal arch
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Palatopharyngeal arch
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37
Q

Which two bones is the tongue attached to?

A

Mandible and hyoid

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38
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What are their innervations?

A

Genioglossus - CN XII (hypoglossal)
Hyoglossus - CN XII
Styloglossus - CN XII
Palatoglossus - CN X (vagus)

39
Q

What are the sensory nerves of the tongue?

A

Posterior 1/3: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Anterior 2/3: chorea tympani of CN VII and CN V3

40
Q

Vertebral level of hyoid

A

C3

41
Q

Vertebral level of bifurcation of carotid

A

C4

42
Q

Vertebral level of cricoid

A

C6

43
Q

Vertebral level of jugular notch

A

T2

44
Q

Vertebral level of sternal angle/angle of Louis

A

T4/T5

45
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle

A
  • midline of neck
  • SCM
  • inferior border of the mandible
46
Q

Contents of the anterior triangle

A

Strap muscles

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

47
Q

Borders of the submandibular triable

A
  • inferior border of the mandible

- posterior and anterior belly of digastric

48
Q

Contents of submandibular triangle

A 
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Submandibular gland
Facial artery/vein
Submental artery
49
Q

Borders of submental triangle

A
  • left and right anterior bellies of the digastric

- hyoid

50
Q

Contents of the submental triangle

A

Mylohyoid

51
Q

Borders of the carotid triangle

A
  • SCM
  • superior belly of omohyoid
  • posterior belly of digastric
52
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle

A

Carotid sheath:

  • internal jugular
  • common carotid
  • vagus nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

53
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle

A

Trapezius
SCM
Clavicle

54
Q

Contents of posterior triangle

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • transverse cervical nerve
  • phrenic nerve
  • external jugular
  • subclavian vein
  • brachiocephalic vein
  • scalene muscles
55
Q

Nerve from roots C1-C3 (inferior and superior)

A

Ansa cervicalis

56
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve CN XI

57
Q

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

Spinal accessory nerve CN XI

58
Q

What things come out of jugular foramen?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • internal carotid artery
  • vagus nerve
  • glossopharyngeal nerve IX (anterior)
  • spinal accessory nerve XI (posterior)
59
Q

Nerve from C3-C5

A

Phrenic nerve

60
Q

Innervation of anterior belly of digastric

A

CN V3

61
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid

A

CN V3

62
Q

Posterior belly of the digastric

A

CN VII

63
Q

Innervation of the stylohyoid

A

CN VII

64
Q

Innervation of thyrohyoid

A

C1 of spinal nerve

65
Q

Innervation of the sternohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

66
Q

Innervation of the superior belly of the omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

67
Q

Innervation of the anterior, middle and posterior scalene muscles

A

C4-C7

68
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid

A

Hypoglossal CN XII

69
Q

Membrane between thyroid and hyoid

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

70
Q

Vertebral levels of thyroid

A

C5-T1

71
Q

Parts of the thyroid

A

Right and left lobes
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe (present in only 45-55% of the population)

72
Q

Origin of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries

A

Superior - external carotid

Inferior - thyrocervical trunk off subclavian

73
Q

Origin of the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

A

Superior - internal jugular

Middle - internal jugular

Inferior - brachiocephalic trunk

74
Q

Found in 10% of the population; can be damaged during tracheotomy (artery)

A

Thyroid IMA artery

75
Q

Innervation of the superior, middle, and inferior constricted muscles

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

76
Q

Sensory innervation of oropharynx

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

77
Q

Sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx

A

CN X

78
Q

Cartilage that causes motion of vocal cords

A

Arytenoid cartilage

79
Q

What cartilages are the vocal cords attached to?

A

Arytenoid and thyroid

80
Q

Makes up vocal cord; covered in mucosa

A

Vocal ligament

81
Q

Connect the cricoid to thyroid

A

Median and lateral cricothyroid ligament

82
Q

Innervation of cricothyroid

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

83
Q

Innervation of posterior cricoarytenoid

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

84
Q

Innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

85
Q

Innervation of oblique and transverse arytenoids

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

86
Q

Action of oblique and transverse arytenoids

A

Transverse movement of vocal cords

87
Q

Innervation of vocalis

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

88
Q

Action of cricothyroid

A

Stretches vocal cords

89
Q

Action of posterior cricoarytenoid

A

ABduction of vocal cords

90
Q

Action of lateral cricoaterynoids

A

ADDuction of vocal cords

91
Q

Action of thyroarytenoid

A

Slackens vocal cords

92
Q

Action of vocalis

A

Modulates thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid

93
Q

Bloody supply and drainage of the larynx. Where does each artery/vein originate?

A

Superior laryngeal artery - superior thyroid artery

Inferior laryngeal artery - thyrocervical trunk

Superior laryngeal vein —> superior thyroid vein —> internal jugular

Inferior laryngeal vein —> inferior thyroid vein —> brachiocephalic

94
Q

Branch of the common carotid that has many branches in the neck

A

External common carotid

BUPA Anatomy (13 decks)

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