Upper Appendage - Joints

Question 1

Synovial Joints

Answer 1

freely moveable joints; contains articular capsules, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and synovial fluid.

Question 2

Articular capsules

Answer 2

Surrounds the joint

Question 3

Synovial membrane

Answer 3

Lines and secretes synovial fluid

Question 4

Articular cartilage

Answer 4

Hyaline cartilage pad the bone articular surfaces; prevents bones from touching

Question 5

Synovial fluid

Answer 5

Functions of the fluid:
-Lubrication
-Nutrient distribution
-Shock absorption

Question 6

Meniscus

Answer 6

Fibrocartilage pads that cushion the joint

Question 7

Fat pads

Answer 7

Superficial to the joint capsule; protects articular cartilages

Question 8

Ligaments

Answer 8

Connect bones to bones; support and strengthens joints

Question 9

Sprain

Answer 9

Ligaments with torn collagen fibers

Question 10

Tendons

Answer 10

Attach to muscles around joints help support joints

Question 11

Bursae

Answer 11

Pocket of synovial fluid to help reduce friction in areas where tendons or ligaments rub. (Singluar is bursa)

Question 12

Hinge joints

Answer 12

Single plane of movement, flexion and extension
Example: Elbow joint, knee, fingers, toes

Question 13

Pivot joints

Answer 13

Rotational movements
Example: Atlas/Axis turning head and radius/ulna with pronation and supination

Question 14

Condylar (ellipsoidal) joints

Answer 14

Biaxial - two planes of motion
Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction
Example: Radius/Carpal bones and proximal phalange/metacarpal joint

Question 15

Saddle joints

Answer 15

Biaxial joints that also allow circumduction
Opposition/Reposition
Example: thumb joint (Trapezium/metacarpal I)

Question 16

Ball and socket joints

Answer 16

Triaxial - three planes of motion
Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, and Circumduction/Rotation
Example: Femur/Hip bones, Humerus/Scapula

Question 17

Coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 17

Shoulder ligament that attaches on the coracoid process and the clavicle

Question 18

Acrominoclavicular ligament

Answer 18

Shoulder ligament that attaches to the acromion and the clavicle

Question 19

Coracoarcromial ligament

Answer 19

Shoulder ligament that attaches to the coracoid process and the acromion

Question 20

Sternoclavicular ligament

Answer 20

Connects the sternal end of the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum

Question 21

Glenohumeral ligament

Answer 21

Consists of several ligaments connecting the head of the humerus with glenoid cavity

Question 22

Subdeltoid (subacromial) bursa sac

Answer 22

Cushions the proximal humerus when it is in the abducted position

Question 23

Ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 23

Connects the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna

Question 24

Radial collateral ligament

Answer 24

Connects the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius

Question 25

Annular ligament

Answer 25

Connects the head of the radius to the ulna

Question 26

Olecranal bursa sac

Answer 26

Cushions and prevents abrasion of the skin over the olecranon process when the antebrachium is in the flexed position

Question 27

Rotator cuff musculature

Answer 27

Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and their tendons