Upper Appendage - Joints Flashcards
Synovial Joints
freely moveable joints; contains articular capsules, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and synovial fluid.
Articular capsules
Surrounds the joint
Synovial membrane
Lines and secretes synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage pad the bone articular surfaces; prevents bones from touching
Synovial fluid
Functions of the fluid:
-Lubrication
-Nutrient distribution
-Shock absorption
Meniscus
Fibrocartilage pads that cushion the joint
Fat pads
Superficial to the joint capsule; protects articular cartilages
Ligaments
Connect bones to bones; support and strengthens joints
Sprain
Ligaments with torn collagen fibers
Tendons
Attach to muscles around joints help support joints
Bursae
Pocket of synovial fluid to help reduce friction in areas where tendons or ligaments rub. (Singluar is bursa)
Hinge joints
Single plane of movement, flexion and extension
Example: Elbow joint, knee, fingers, toes
Pivot joints
Rotational movements
Example: Atlas/Axis turning head and radius/ulna with pronation and supination
Condylar (ellipsoidal) joints
Biaxial - two planes of motion
Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction
Example: Radius/Carpal bones and proximal phalange/metacarpal joint
Saddle joints
Biaxial joints that also allow circumduction
Opposition/Reposition
Example: thumb joint (Trapezium/metacarpal I)
Ball and socket joints
Triaxial - three planes of motion
Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, and Circumduction/Rotation
Example: Femur/Hip bones, Humerus/Scapula
Coracoclavicular ligament
Shoulder ligament that attaches on the coracoid process and the clavicle
Acrominoclavicular ligament
Shoulder ligament that attaches to the acromion and the clavicle
Coracoarcromial ligament
Shoulder ligament that attaches to the coracoid process and the acromion
Sternoclavicular ligament
Connects the sternal end of the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum
Glenohumeral ligament
Consists of several ligaments connecting the head of the humerus with glenoid cavity
Subdeltoid (subacromial) bursa sac
Cushions the proximal humerus when it is in the abducted position
Ulnar collateral ligament
Connects the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna
Radial collateral ligament
Connects the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius
Annular ligament
Connects the head of the radius to the ulna
Olecranal bursa sac
Cushions and prevents abrasion of the skin over the olecranon process when the antebrachium is in the flexed position
Rotator cuff musculature
Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and their tendons
