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Human Anatomy > Torso - Heart > Flashcards

Torso - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

Mediastinum

A

The heart sits between two pleural cavities in the mediastinum within the pericardial cavity

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2
Q

Base

A

Broad superior portion of the heart; COntain the great vessels (Vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk)

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3
Q

Apex

A

Narrow posterior region angling to the left of the midline

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4
Q

Inferior margin

A

Inferior edge of the heart that rests on the diaphragm

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5
Q

Pericardial cavity

Pericardium

A

Double lining of the pericardial cavity

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6
Q

Pericardial cavity

VIsceral pericardium

A

Inner layer of pericardium

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7
Q

Pericardial cavity

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer layer of pericardium

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8
Q

Pericardial cavity

Pericardial fluid

A

Located between the parietal and visceral layers

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9
Q

Layers of the heart

Epicardium

A

This is the outer layer of the heart; also known as the visceral pericardium

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10
Q

Layers of the heart

Myocardium

A

Middle layer of the heart
Thickest layer and muscular wall of the heart
Concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissue

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11
Q

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Atrial myocardium

A

wraps around great vessels

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12
Q

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Ventricular myocardium

A

Thick muscle layer between the endocardium and capillaries

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13
Q

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Heart (fibrous) skeleton

A

Separates atria and ventricles, supports valves, nondonductive

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14
Q

Layers of the heart

Endocardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium resting on connective areolar tissue

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15
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart, goes to organs

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16
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Arterioles

A

Are the smallest branch of arteries, within organs

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17
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Capillaries

A

Are the smallest blood vessels; nutrient/waste, gas exchange

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18
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Venules

A

Collect blood from capillaries, found within organs

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19
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Veins

A

Return blood to the hear, comes from the organs

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20
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Pulmonary circuit

A

Deoxygenated blood comes from the body to the right side of the heart and is pumped to the lungs, oxygenated blood from the lungs comes to the left side of the heart

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21
Q

Circuits and Blood vessels

Systemic circuit

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs come to the left side of the heart, and is pumped to the rest of the body
deoxygenated blood comes back to the heart on the right side

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22
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Right atrium

Four chambers of the heart

A

Collects blood from systemic circuit

23
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Right ventricle

Four chambers of the heart

A

Pumps blood from pulmonary circuit

24
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Left atrium

Four chambers of the heart

A

Collects blood from the pulmonary circuit

25
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Left ventricle

Four chambers of the heart

A

Pumps blood to the systemic circuit

26
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Groove that descends the anterior portion of the heart angling to the right of the apex
Contains the anterior interventricular artery

27
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Groove the descends the posterior portion of the heart angling to the apex
Contains the posterior interentricular artery

28
Q

Blood supply to the heart

Right coronary artery

A

Branches off the base of the right side of the aorta
Flows just inferior to right atrium towards posterior
Right atrium, portions of both ventricles
Branches inot the posterior interventricular artery

29
Q

Blood supply to the heart

Left coronary artery

A

Branches off of the base of the left side of the aorta
Flows left a short distance before branching to the:
Cirumflex artery (posterior)
Anterior interventricular artery (anterior)
Supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

30
Q

Veins of the heart

Coronary sinus

A

Most cardiac veins lead to the coronary sinus
Empties inot the right atrium

31
Q

Coronary openings

Fibrous skeleton

A

Gives support to the valves
Nonconductive:
Separates the atria and the ventricles electrically (muscle impulses cannot pass throught he fibrous skeleton)
Causes atria and the ventricles to contract independently

32
Q

Coronary Openings

Openings to coronary arteries

A

They are located just superior to the aortic valve
Blood is pumped into the aorta, back flow pushes blood into the coronary arteries

33
Q

Corornary heart disease

A

The heart has a high metabolism and is susceptible to decreased oxygen due to blockages to the corornary arteries

34
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Are folds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles and permit blood flow in one direction - from atria to ventricles
Close when ventricles contract
Prevents flow from ventricles to atria

35
Q

AV Valves

Chordae tendineae

A

Attach cusps to papillary muscles

36
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Papillary muscles

A

Attach chordea tendineae to ventricular wall
Prevents proloapse

37
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart - AV valves

Tricuspid

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

38
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart - AV valves

Bicuspid (mitral)

A

Connect left atrium to left ventricle

39
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Semilunar valves

A

Close when ventricles relax
Prevents flow back into the ventricles

40
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart - Semilunar valves

Pulmonary valve

A

Right side

41
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart - Semilunar valves

Aortic valve

43
Q

Heart sounds

Lubb

A

First heart sound (S1), louder and longer, occurs with closure of AV valves

44
Q

Heart sounds

Dubb

A

Second heart sound (S2) softer and sharper, occurs with closure of semilunar valves

45
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Interatrial septum

A

Seperates atria and is difficult to see

46
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Interventricular septum

A

Seperates the ventricles

47
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Coronary sinus

A

Drain cardiac veins into right atria; One of three veins that enter the right atrium

48
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of the foramen ovale which is a fetal structure opening through interarterial septum and seals off at birth

49
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Pectinate muscles

A

Prominent muscular ridges in right atrium
Blood flow back to the heart from the systemic circuit is highly variable; pectinate muscles allows the right atrium to stretch during high venous return

50
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Trabeculae carneae

A

Muscular ridges in the right and left ventricle
Allow the ventricles to stretch and fill as much blood as possible

52
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Moderator band

A

Right ventricle only
Prevents overfilling of the right ventricle, due to highly variable venous return

53
Q

Internal anatomy of the heart

Papillary muscles

A

Contract to prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting
Do NOT cause the valves to close

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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