Torso - Heart

Question 1

Location of the heart

Mediastinum

Answer 1

The heart sits between two pleural cavities in the mediastinum within the pericardial cavity

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

Broad superior portion of the heart; COntain the great vessels (Vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk)

Question 3

Apex

Answer 3

Narrow posterior region angling to the left of the midline

Question 4

Inferior margin

Answer 4

Inferior edge of the heart that rests on the diaphragm

Question 5

Pericardial cavity

Pericardium

Answer 5

Double lining of the pericardial cavity

Question 6

Pericardial cavity

VIsceral pericardium

Answer 6

Inner layer of pericardium

Question 7

Pericardial cavity

Parietal pericardium

Answer 7

Outer layer of pericardium

Question 8

Pericardial cavity

Pericardial fluid

Answer 8

Located between the parietal and visceral layers

Question 9

Layers of the heart

Epicardium

Answer 9

This is the outer layer of the heart; also known as the visceral pericardium

Question 10

Layers of the heart

Myocardium

Answer 10

Middle layer of the heart
Thickest layer and muscular wall of the heart
Concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 11

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Atrial myocardium

Answer 11

wraps around great vessels

Question 12

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Ventricular myocardium

Answer 12

Thick muscle layer between the endocardium and capillaries

Question 13

Layers of the heart - myocardium

Heart (fibrous) skeleton

Answer 13

Separates atria and ventricles, supports valves, nondonductive

Question 14

Layers of the heart

Endocardium

Answer 14

Simple squamous epithelium resting on connective areolar tissue

Question 15

Circuits and Blood vessels

Arteries

Answer 15

Carry blood away from the heart, goes to organs

Question 16

Circuits and Blood vessels

Arterioles

Answer 16

Are the smallest branch of arteries, within organs

Question 17

Circuits and Blood vessels

Capillaries

Answer 17

Are the smallest blood vessels; nutrient/waste, gas exchange

Question 18

Circuits and Blood vessels

Venules

Answer 18

Collect blood from capillaries, found within organs

Question 19

Circuits and Blood vessels

Veins

Answer 19

Return blood to the hear, comes from the organs

Question 20

Circuits and Blood vessels

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 20

Deoxygenated blood comes from the body to the right side of the heart and is pumped to the lungs, oxygenated blood from the lungs comes to the left side of the heart

Question 21

Circuits and Blood vessels

Systemic circuit

Answer 21

Oxygenated blood from the lungs come to the left side of the heart, and is pumped to the rest of the body
deoxygenated blood comes back to the heart on the right side

Question 22

Surface anatomy of the heart

Right atrium

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 22

Collects blood from systemic circuit

Question 23

Surface anatomy of the heart

Right ventricle

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 23

Pumps blood from pulmonary circuit

Question 24

Surface anatomy of the heart

Left atrium

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 24

Collects blood from the pulmonary circuit

Question 25

# Surface anatomy of the heart Left ventricle | Four chambers of the heart

Answer 25

Pumps blood to the systemic circuit

Question 26

# Surface anatomy of the heart Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 26

Groove that descends the anterior portion of the heart angling to the right of the apex Contains the anterior interventricular artery

Question 27

# Surface anatomy of the heart Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 27

Groove the descends the posterior portion of the heart angling to the apex Contains the posterior interentricular artery

Question 28

# Blood supply to the heart Right coronary artery

Answer 28

Branches off the base of the right side of the aorta Flows just inferior to right atrium towards posterior Right atrium, portions of both ventricles Branches inot the posterior interventricular artery

Question 29

# Blood supply to the heart Left coronary artery

Answer 29

Branches off of the base of the left side of the aorta Flows left a short distance before branching to the: Cirumflex artery (posterior) Anterior interventricular artery (anterior) Supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

Question 30

# Veins of the heart Coronary sinus

Answer 30

Most cardiac veins lead to the coronary sinus Empties inot the right atrium

Question 31

# Coronary openings Fibrous skeleton

Answer 31

Gives support to the valves Nonconductive: Separates the atria and the ventricles electrically (muscle impulses cannot pass throught he fibrous skeleton) Causes atria and the ventricles to contract independently

Question 32

# Coronary Openings Openings to coronary arteries

Answer 32

They are located just superior to the aortic valve Blood is pumped into the aorta, back flow pushes blood into the coronary arteries

Question 33

Corornary heart disease

Answer 33

The heart has a high metabolism and is susceptible to decreased oxygen due to blockages to the corornary arteries

Question 34

# Internal anatomy of the heart Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Answer 34

Are folds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles and permit blood flow in one direction - from atria to ventricles Close when ventricles contract Prevents flow from ventricles to atria

Question 35

# AV Valves Chordae tendineae

Answer 35

Attach cusps to papillary muscles

Question 36

# Internal anatomy of the heart Papillary muscles

Answer 36

Attach chordea tendineae to ventricular wall Prevents proloapse

Question 37

# Internal anatomy of the heart - AV valves Tricuspid

Answer 37

Between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 38

# Internal anatomy of the heart - AV valves Bicuspid (mitral)

Answer 38

Connect left atrium to left ventricle

Question 39

# Internal anatomy of the heart Semilunar valves

Answer 39

Close when ventricles relax Prevents flow back into the ventricles

Question 40

# Internal anatomy of the heart - Semilunar valves Pulmonary valve

Answer 40

Right side

Question 41

# Internal anatomy of the heart - Semilunar valves Aortic valve

Answer 41

Left side

Question 43

# Heart sounds Lubb

Answer 43

First heart sound (S1), louder and longer, occurs with closure of AV valves

Question 44

# Heart sounds Dubb

Answer 44

Second heart sound (S2) softer and sharper, occurs with closure of semilunar valves

Question 45

# Internal anatomy of the heart Interatrial septum

Answer 45

Seperates atria and is difficult to see

Question 46

# Internal anatomy of the heart Interventricular septum

Answer 46

Seperates the ventricles

Question 47

# Internal anatomy of the heart Coronary sinus

Answer 47

Drain cardiac veins into right atria; One of three veins that enter the right atrium

Question 48

# Internal anatomy of the heart Fossa ovalis

Answer 48

Remnant of the foramen ovale which is a fetal structure opening through interarterial septum and seals off at birth

Question 49

# Internal anatomy of the heart Pectinate muscles

Answer 49

Prominent muscular ridges in right atrium Blood flow back to the heart from the systemic circuit is highly variable; pectinate muscles allows the right atrium to stretch during high venous return

Question 50

# Internal anatomy of the heart Trabeculae carneae

Answer 50

Muscular ridges in the right and left ventricle Allow the ventricles to stretch and fill as much blood as possible

Question 52

# Internal anatomy of the heart Moderator band

Answer 52

Right ventricle only Prevents overfilling of the right ventricle, due to highly variable venous return

Question 53

# Internal anatomy of the heart Papillary muscles

Answer 53

Contract to prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting Do NOT cause the valves to close