Head and Neck Flashcards
Spongy Bone
A type of one tissue, Spongy bone has spaces between cross bridges that gives it a spongy appearance. It is highly vascularized with a solid matrix.
Trabeculae
The boney cross bridges found in spongey bone; made of concentric layers of solid matrix called lamellae and do not have a central canal.
Red bone marrow
Thick blood like tissue; the location of where RBC’s and WBC’s are produced for the entire circulatory system
Canaliculi
Connects the osteocytes to the highly cascularized red bone marrow for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
Bone Markings
Names for markings on bone that are used to locate different areas
Process
(Elevations and Projections) Any projection or bump
Ramus
(Elevations or Projections) An extension of a bone making an angle wtih the rest of the structure
Trochanter
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A large, rough projection
Tuberosity
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A smaller, rough projection
Tubercle
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A small, rounded projection
Crest
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A prominent ridge
Line
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A low ridge
Spine
(Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach) A pointed or narrow process
Head
(processes formed for articulation with adjecent bones) The expanded articular end of an epiphysis separated by the shaft of the neck
Neck
(processes formed for articulation with adjecent bones) A narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Condyle
(processes formed for articulation with adjecent bones) A smooth yet rounded articular process
Trochlea
(processes formed for articulation with adjecent bones) A smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
Facet
(processes formed for articulation with adjecent bones)A small, flat articular surface
Fossa
(Depressions) A shallow depression
Sulcus
(Depressions) A narrow groove
Foramen
(Openings) A rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves
Canal
(Openings) A duct or a channel
Meatus
(Openings) A passageway through bone
Fissure
(Openings) An elongated cleft or slit
Sinus
(Openings) A chamber within a bone, usually filled with air
Long (Shape of bone)
A long bone
Flat (shape of bone)
A flat bone
Short (shape of bone)
A short bone
Irregular (shape of bone)
Bones that are not long, short, or flat
Sutural (shape of bone)
Are found within a suture (Articulation between flat bones of the skull)
Sesamoid (shape of bone)
Are found within a tendon (the only sesamoid bone every person has is the patellae or the kneecap, some sesamoid bones are unique to an individual and can form in other joint such as the wrist, thumb, or ankle.)
Axial Skeleton
Forms the longitudinal axis of the body, the skull is part of the axial skeleton; Functions of the axial skeleton are to support and protect organs in body cavities, attaches to muscles of head, neck, and trunk, performs respiratory movements, and stabilizes parts of the appendicular skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Forms the arms and legs
Clavaria
The superior part of the cranial cavity; made up of the occipital, 2 parietal, and the frontal bone.
Sagittal suture
Suture that divides the parietal bones
Coronal Suture
Suture that divides the Frontal bone from the parietal bones
Lambdoidal Suture
Suture that divides the Parietal bones from the Occipital bone
Boney nasal septum
Medial suture that separates the right and left chambers of the nasal cavity
2 Parts of the Boney Nasal Septum
Perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid and the Vomer
Nasal conchae
Lateral sutures that are scroll shaped that the nasal mucosa is attached too. Increase surface area of the nasal mucose that humidifies inhaled air
Frontal bone (Eye socket)
Superior Wall (roof)
Maxilla (eye socket)
Floor
Zygomatic (eye socket)
Lateral wall
Sphenoid (eye socket)
Posterior wall
Ethmoid (eye socket)
Posterior medial wall
Lacrimal (eye socket)
Anterior medial wall
Palatine (eye socket) Also in the back of the eye socket
Zygomatic arch
lateral on the skull and made up of 2 parts of 2 bones; the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
Mastoid process
Posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus; Posterior and lateral to the styloid process
External acoustic meatus
Superior and anterior to the mastoid process; lateral and superior to the styloid process
Styloid process
Think of a stylus pen, thin and pointy; anterior and medial to the mastoid process; inferior and medial to the externa acoustic meatus
Squamous part of the temporal bone
Superior flat part of the temporal bone; squamosal sutur is named after this region
Mental protuberance
A ridge at the most anterior medial edge of the mandible
Anterior nasal spine
Pointy projection at the inferior medial edge of the nasal cavity
Alveolar Processes
These are the bumps that are created by the teeth sockets
Supraorbital Foramen
Hole superior to the eye socket, does not always form a complete hole, when this is the case it is somethings called the supraorbital notch
Infraorbital Foramen
Inferior hole to the eye socket
Mental Foramen
Holes found in the mental region, lateral to the mental protuberance
Supraorbital notch
Superior to the eye socket
Optic foramen or canal
Round hole through the sphenoid; Passageway for the optic nerve that innervates the eye
Superior orbital fissure
Oblique hole through the sphenoid bone; passageway for many cranial nerves
Inferior orbital fissure
One elongated hole between the sphenoid and the maxilla
Lacrimal foramen
Round hole through the lacrimal bone into the nasal cavity; when you cry your nose does not run, you cry out your nose through the nasolacrimal duct
Foramen Magnum
Largest foramen in the skull
Incisive foramen (anterior palatine foramen)
Directly posterior to the incisor teeth
Greater palatine foramen
These two foramen are just lateral to the posterior palatine of the palatine bone
Stylomastoid foramen
Between the styloid process and mastoid process
