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Human Anatomy > Torso - Bones > Flashcards

Torso - Bones Flashcards

1
Q

How many?

Cervical vertebrae

A

7

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2
Q

How many?

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12
Each articulates with one or more pair of ribs

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3
Q

How many?

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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4
Q

How many?

Sacrum

A

5 fused vert

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5
Q

How many?

Coccyx

A

5 fused vert

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6
Q

Thoracic curve

Primary curve

A

Posterior curvature, accommodates internal organs

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7
Q

Sacral curve

Primary curve

A

Posterior curvature, accommodates abdominalpelvic organs

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8
Q

Lumbar curve

Secondary curve

A

Anterior curvature, balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs; it develops with the ability to stand

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9
Q

Cervical curve

Secondary curve

A

Anterior curvature, develops as the infant learns to balance weight of the head on the vertebrae of the neck

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10
Q

Abnormal curvature

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated thoracic and cerival curvature; leaning over a computer all day can cause mild kyphosis

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11
Q

Abnormal curvature

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar curvature; pregnant women, overweight males can develop a lordosis

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12
Q

Abnormal curvature

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

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13
Q

Vertebral body

A

Anterior; bares most of the body weight

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14
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Contains the spinal cord

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15
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Posterior margin of vertebral foramen

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16
Q

Vertebral arch

Pedicles

A

Walls of the vertebral arch

Vertebral processes attach to the pedicle and lamina

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17
Q

Vertebral arch

Lamina

A

Roof of the vertebral arch

Vertebral processes attach to the pedicle and lamina

18
Q

Articular processes

A

Articulate with vertebra above and below

Superior and Inferior

19
Q

Spinous process

A

Posterior projection off the laminae

Attatchment point for muscles

20
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections off of the pedicles

Attachment point for mucsles

21
Q

Vertebral column

Intervertebral foramina

A

Formed by articulation of 2 successive vertebrae; space for spinal nerves

22
Q

Vertebral column

Vertebral canal

A

Formed by continuous vertebral foramina; encloses the spinal cord

23
Q

Vertebral column

Intervertebral discs

A

Pads of fibrocartilage that separate the vertebral bodies; symphysis joint that absorb shocks

24
Q

Parts of

Cervical vertebrae

A

Has a small body (only supports the head); large vertebral foramen; short spinous processes; has transverse foramina which are holes through the transverse processes and only the cervical vertrebrae have these

25
Q

Cervical vertrebrae

Atlas (C1)

A

Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull; has no body or spinous process; has a large, round vertebral foramen

26
Q

Cervical vertebrae

Axis (C2)

A

Supports the atlas; heavy spinous process attaches muscles of head and neck
Dens (Odontoid): anterior, superior projection of the axis; forms from the fusing of the atlas and axis bodies during fetal development; forms a pivoting articulation with the transverse ligament

27
Q

Characteristics

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Long, slender sinous processes that project posteriorly and inferiorly; smaller vertebral foramen than in cervical; costal facets for articulating with the ribs

28
Q

Characteristics

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Largest vertebrae; large thick oval shaped bodies; triangular vertebral foramen is small; transverse processes are slender; spinous process are short and heavy for attachment of the lower back muscles

29
Q

Chacacteristics

Sacrum

A

Is curved, more in males than in females; protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs; attaches the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle; the adult sacrum consists of five fused sacral vertebrae; transverse lines fuse between ages 25-30

30
Q

Sacrum

Base

A

Broad superior surface

31
Q

Sacrum

Apex

A

Narrow inferior portion that articulates with the coccyx

32
Q

Sacrum

Sacral promontory

A

At the center of the base

33
Q

Sacrum

Ala

A

Wings at either side of the base (to attach muscles)

34
Q

Sacrum

Sacral canal

A

Superior; replaces the vertebral canal

35
Q

Sacrum

Sacral hiatus

A

Opening at the inferior end of the sacral canal

36
Q

Sacrum

Sacral foramina

A

4 holes on either side of the median sacral crest; replaces the intervertebral foramen

37
Q

Sacrum

Median sacral crest

A

Fused spinous processes

38
Q

Sacrum

Lateral sacral crest

A

Fused transverse processes

39
Q

Coccyx

A

Attaches ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus; mature coccyx consists of five fused coccygeal vertebrae
Coccygeal cornua; formed by laminae of the first coccygeal vertebra

40
Q
A

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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