Torso - Bones

Question 1

How many?

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many?

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 2

12
Each articulates with one or more pair of ribs

Question 3

How many?

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 3

5

Question 4

How many?

Sacrum

Answer 4

5 fused vert

Question 5

How many?

Coccyx

Answer 5

5 fused vert

Question 6

Thoracic curve

Primary curve

Answer 6

Posterior curvature, accommodates internal organs

Question 7

Sacral curve

Primary curve

Answer 7

Posterior curvature, accommodates abdominalpelvic organs

Question 8

Lumbar curve

Secondary curve

Answer 8

Anterior curvature, balances the weight of the trunk over the lower limbs; it develops with the ability to stand

Question 9

Cervical curve

Secondary curve

Answer 9

Anterior curvature, develops as the infant learns to balance weight of the head on the vertebrae of the neck

Question 10

Abnormal curvature

Kyphosis

Answer 10

Exaggerated thoracic and cerival curvature; leaning over a computer all day can cause mild kyphosis

Question 11

Abnormal curvature

Lordosis

Answer 11

Exaggerated lumbar curvature; pregnant women, overweight males can develop a lordosis

Question 12

Abnormal curvature

Scoliosis

Answer 12

Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

Question 13

Vertebral body

Answer 13

Anterior; bares most of the body weight

Question 14

Vertebral foramen

Answer 14

Contains the spinal cord

Question 15

Vertebral arch

Answer 15

Posterior margin of vertebral foramen

Question 16

Vertebral arch

Pedicles

Answer 16

Walls of the vertebral arch

Vertebral processes attach to the pedicle and lamina

Question 17

Vertebral arch

Lamina

Answer 17

Roof of the vertebral arch

Vertebral processes attach to the pedicle and lamina

Question 18

Articular processes

Answer 18

Articulate with vertebra above and below

Superior and Inferior

Question 19

Spinous process

Answer 19

Posterior projection off the laminae

Attatchment point for muscles

Question 20

Transverse process

Answer 20

Lateral projections off of the pedicles

Attachment point for mucsles

Question 21

Vertebral column

Intervertebral foramina

Answer 21

Formed by articulation of 2 successive vertebrae; space for spinal nerves

Question 22

Vertebral column

Vertebral canal

Answer 22

Formed by continuous vertebral foramina; encloses the spinal cord

Question 23

Vertebral column

Intervertebral discs

Answer 23

Pads of fibrocartilage that separate the vertebral bodies; symphysis joint that absorb shocks

Question 24

Parts of

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 24

Has a small body (only supports the head); large vertebral foramen; short spinous processes; has transverse foramina which are holes through the transverse processes and only the cervical vertrebrae have these

Question 25

# Cervical vertrebrae Atlas (C1)

Answer 25

Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull; has no body or spinous process; has a large, round vertebral foramen

Question 26

# Cervical vertebrae Axis (C2)

Answer 26

Supports the atlas; heavy spinous process attaches muscles of head and neck Dens (Odontoid): anterior, superior projection of the axis; forms from the fusing of the atlas and axis bodies during fetal development; forms a pivoting articulation with the transverse ligament

Question 27

# Characteristics Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 27

Long, slender sinous processes that project posteriorly and inferiorly; smaller vertebral foramen than in cervical; costal facets for articulating with the ribs

Question 28

# Characteristics Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 28

Largest vertebrae; large thick oval shaped bodies; triangular vertebral foramen is small; transverse processes are slender; spinous process are short and heavy for attachment of the lower back muscles

Question 29

# Chacacteristics Sacrum

Answer 29

Is curved, more in males than in females; protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs; attaches the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle; the adult sacrum consists of five fused sacral vertebrae; transverse lines fuse between ages 25-30

Question 30

# Sacrum Base

Answer 30

Broad superior surface

Question 31

# Sacrum Apex

Answer 31

Narrow inferior portion that articulates with the coccyx

Question 32

# Sacrum Sacral promontory

Answer 32

At the center of the base

Question 33

# Sacrum Ala

Answer 33

Wings at either side of the base (to attach muscles)

Question 34

# Sacrum Sacral canal

Answer 34

Superior; replaces the vertebral canal

Question 35

# Sacrum Sacral hiatus

Answer 35

Opening at the inferior end of the sacral canal

Question 36

# Sacrum Sacral foramina

Answer 36

4 holes on either side of the median sacral crest; replaces the intervertebral foramen

Question 37

# Sacrum Median sacral crest

Answer 37

Fused spinous processes

Question 38

# Sacrum Lateral sacral crest

Answer 38

Fused transverse processes

Question 39

Coccyx

Answer 39

Attaches ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus; mature coccyx consists of five fused coccygeal vertebrae Coccygeal cornua; formed by laminae of the first coccygeal vertebra