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Human Anatomy > Head and Neck - Muscles > Flashcards

Head and Neck - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

Muscle Cell (Same thing)

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2
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of cells; muscles are made up of fascicles.

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3
Q

Epimysium

A

-Surrounds the entire muscle (organ)
-Separates muscle from surrounding tissues

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4
Q

Perimysium

A

-Surrounds muscle fiber bundles (fascicles)
-Contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles

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5
Q

Endomysium

A

-Surrounds individual muscles cells (muscle fibers)
-COntains capillaries and nerve fibers contacting muscle cells

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6
Q

Tendon

A

-Attach muscles to bone
-Spindle-shaped
-Muscle fascicles turn into tendon fascicles made of bundles of dense regular connective tissue
-Tendons also have the same continuous connective tissue coverings that extend from the belly of each muscle to the bone attachment and bone grows around the tendons

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7
Q

Aponeuroses

A

-Same as tendons but more like a sheet spread out over a wider area
-Flat muscles in your body and muscles that attach to other muscles usually attach by an aponeruoses

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8
Q

Circular Muscles

A

-Also called sphincters
-Open and close to gaurd entrances of the body
-Example: orbicularis oris, the muscle of the mouth

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9
Q

Origin

A

-Anchor point
-Fixed point of attachment

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10
Q

Insertion

A

Moving point of attachment; moves the joints

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11
Q

Actions

A

-Body movements produced by muscle contraction
-Example: Flexion, extension, adduction, etc.

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12
Q

Agonist (Prime mover)

A

-Produces a particular movement
-The muscle that provides most of the strength for that specific action

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13
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes movement of a particular agnoist

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14
Q

Synergist

A

-A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist
-Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist

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15
Q

Fixator

A

Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist

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16
Q

Naming of Skeletal Muscles

A

Named after Fascicle organization, Location, Relative Position, Structure, shape, and size, Origin/Insertion, and Action

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17
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Originate on the skull

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18
Q

Extrinsic (extraocular) Eye muscles

A

Originate on the surface of orbit; control position of the eye

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19
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Move the mandible

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20
Q

Muscles of the Tongue

A

Names end in glossus

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21
Q

Muscles of the Pharynx

A

Begin the swallowing process

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22
Q

Anterior Muscles of the Neck

A

Control position of the larynx, depress the mandible, and support tongue and pharynx

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23
Q

Occipitofrontalis (facial muscle)

A

A. Frontalis
-Action
B. Occipitalis
-Region
C. Epicranial Aponeurosis

24
Q

Frontalis (facial muscle)

A

Muscle located in the frons area; connected to the occipitalis via the epicranial aponeurosis

25
Q

Occipitalis (facial muscle)

A

Covers the occipital bone in the occipital region; connected to the Frontalis via the epicranial aponeurosis

26
Q

Epicranial Aponeurosis (facial muscles)

A

Flat, tendon like, structure that extends over the suprerior aspect of the head and connects thr frontalis and occipitalis muscles together

27
Q

Temporalis (facial muscles)

A

Located in the temporal region, covering the temporal bone
-It’s insertion is the coronoid process of the mandible
-It is a syngergist for mastication

28
Q

Orbicularis oculi (facial muscles)

A

Circular muscle that sourroungs the eye
-Action: blink and squint the eyes

29
Q

Obicularis (facial muscles)

A

Circular muscle that surrounds the mouth
-Action: kissy muscle

30
Q

Nasalis (nose-upper lip muscles)

A

Most medial in the group; Covers the bridge of the nose

31
Q

Levator labii superioris alaque nasi (nose and upper lip muscle)

A

Muscle that will elevate the upper lip and also the ala of the nose; Originates at the medial corner of the orbit of the eye and inserts in the area of the ala of the nose and the upper lip

32
Q

Levator labii superioris (nose and chin muscles)

A

Lateral to the Levator labii superioris alaque nasi; muscle that will elevate the upper lip; Extends from the upper lip to the inferior edge of the orbit of the eye

33
Q

Zygomatic minor

A

The small muscle that originates on the zygomatic bone; extends from the oribcularis oris to the zygomatic bone

34
Q

Zygomatic major

A

The large muscle that originates on the zygomatic bone; insertion is at the angle of the mouth; action is elevates the corner of the mouth (smile)

35
Q

Risorius (nose and chin muscle)

A

Most inferior in this group of muscles; inferior to the zygomatic major; extends from the corner of the orbicularis oris to fascia tissue on the ramus of the mandible.

36
Q

Mentalis (Chin and lower lip muscles)

A

Most medial in this group; This muscle is in the center of the mandible lying on the mental protuberance

37
Q

Depressor labii inferioris (chin and lower lip muscles)

A

Lateral to the mentalis; the muscle that depresses the lower lip

38
Q

Depressor anguli oris (chin and lower lip muscles)

A

Lateral to the depressor labii inferioris; the muscle that depresses the corner of your mouth (frown)

39
Q

Platysma (neck and cheek muscles)

A

The most superficial muscle of the neck; extends from the clavicle to the mandible

40
Q

Buccinator (cheek muscles)

A

Most deep of this group; makes up the lateral walls of the mouth; slightly anterior to the masseter

41
Q

Masseter (Cheek muscles)

A

The agonist for mastication in humans; superficial to the buccinator; lies on the ramus of the mandible and insters on the mandible

42
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (deep neck muscle)

A

Has 3 attachments; sternum, clavicle, and the mastoid process.

43
Q

Trapezius

A

Most posterior neck muscle; it extends into the lumbar region, to the external occipital protuberance, and to the spine of the scapula.

44
Q

Anterior scalene (deep neck muscle)

A

Most anterior of this group

45
Q

Middle scalene (deep neck muscle)

A

Posterior to the anterior scalene

46
Q

Posterior scalene (deep neck muscle)

A

Posterior to middle scalene

47
Q

Levator scapulae (deep neck muscle)

A

Muscle that elevates the scapula; Immediately posterior and superior to the last scalene in sequence

48
Q

Splenius capitis (deep neck musle)

A

Most posterior of this group; sometimes split into two muscles

49
Q

Sternohyoid (anterior neck muscle)

A

Most anterior and medial muscle of the neck; fibers run along the longitudinal axis; two attachment points:
-sturnum; origin
-hyoid; insertion
One on each side of the thyroid gland

50
Q

Omohyoid (deep neck muscle)

A

Lateral to the sternohyoid; fibers run at an oblique angle

51
Q

Mylohyoid (deep neck muscle)

A

Extends from the body and ramus of the left side to the right side; forms the floor of the mandible.

52
Q

Digastric (deep neck muscle)

A

Antagonistic to mastication; runs just medial to and along the body of the mandible; two tubular shaped muscles lying on the inferior surface of the mylohyoid

53
Q

Mastication muscles

A

All muscle involved with mastication will elevate the mandible
-Masseter: agonist
-Temporalis: synergist
-Pterygoids: synergist; attach to the medial ramus of the mandible

54
Q
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55
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Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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