Universal Principles + Prenatal Development ATI

Question 1

The debate of whether people are a product of their genetics + biological factors or a product of their environment + learning =

Answer 1

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

Question 2

Which one is more important, nature or nurture?

Answer 2

They’re both equally important because they both influence who you are

Question 3

Provides an example of how types of human behavior may be traced to certain strands of DNA found in specific chromosomes =

Answer 3

Human Genome Project

Question 4

How many Universal Principles are there? What are they called?

Answer 4

6.

Cephalocaudal Principle,
Proximodorsal Principle,
Simple to Complex,
Continuous Process,
General to Specific,
Individualized Rates

Question 5

The principle that human development follows a head-to-toe progression. Infants gain control over their neck and head before they can control their extremities =

Answer 5

Cephalocaudal Principle

Question 6

The principle that human development progresses from the center of the body in an outward direction. The spine develops first, followed by extremities, then fingers and toes =

Answer 6

Proximodorsal Principle

Question 7

The principle that human development evolves in an orderly fashion from simple to complex. Infants accomplish head control before they are able to walk =

Answer 7

Simple to Complex

Question 8

The principle that human development is a continuous process =

Answer 8

Continuous Process

Question 9

The principle that human development occurs from large muscle movement to more refined muscle movements =

Answer 9

General to Specific

Question 10

The principle that development varies from person to person =

Answer 10

Individualized Rates

Question 11

Marks the beginning of prenatal development, this is where human development first starts =

Answer 11

Conception

Question 12

Only how many sperm make it to the fallopian tubes?

Answer 12

A few hundred

Question 13

When the sperm penetrates the egg, what happens?

Answer 13

The nuclei of the egg and the sperm combine into a single cell

Question 14

When the egg and sperm combine, what happens?

Answer 14

2 independent sets of 23 chromosomes are combined

Question 15

Prenatal development occurs from-

Answer 15

Contraception to birth (38-40 weeks)

Question 16

Prenatal development is divided into how many periods? What are they?

Answer 16

3.

Zygote,
Embryo,
Fetus.

Question 17

The zygote period begins with-

Answer 17

Contraception

Question 18

The zygote period lasts until-

Answer 18

~ 2 weeks after conception

Question 19

What happens in the zygote period? The zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions and continues to divide & change as it moves down the-

To get to the-

Answer 19

Fallopian Tube to get to the Uterus

Question 20

How long does it take for the zygote to get to the uterus?

Answer 20

~ A Week

Question 21

Once the zygote is implanted into the uterine wall, it is called an-

Answer 21

Embryo

Question 22

What start’s getting developed near the end of the zygote period?

Answer 22

Structures that support, nourish, and protect the developing zygote (Placenta)

Question 23

Placenta =

Answer 23

A structure in which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the mother and developing infant

Question 24

What period starts after the zygote period?

Answer 24

The Embryonic Period

Question 25

What is the end of the zygote period marked by?

Answer 25

Implantation of the zygote + Differentiation of cells

Question 26

The embryonic usually starts how long after conception?

Answer 26

~ 3 weeks

Question 27

How long does the embryonic period usually last?

Answer 27

~Until the end of the 8th week

Question 28

What happens during the embryonic stage?

Answer 28

Body Structures + Internal Organs Develop

Question 29

How many cell layers form during the embryotic period? What are they called?

Answer 29

3.

The Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 30

What’s the outer-most cell layer? What does it become?

Answer 30

The Ectoderm, becomes the hair

Question 31

What’s the middle layer? What does it become?

Answer 31

The Mesoderm, becomes the muscles, bones, and the circulatory system

Question 32

What’s the inner-most cell layer? What does it make?

Answer 32

The lungs + digestive system

Question 33

By the end of the embryonic period, most -

Answer 33

Organs will have started to form

Question 34

In what period do the organs continue to grow in size and complexity?

Answer 34

The fetal period

Question 35

When does the fetal period begin?

Answer 35

Nine weeks after contraception

Question 36

When does the fetal period end?

Answer 36

At birth

Question 37

What happens during the fetal period?

Answer 37

The fetus becomes larger, it’s body systems begin to function, it’s brain begins to regulate body functions

Question 38

Between how long does it take before most bodily systems function well?

This timeframe is called the-

Answer 38

Between 22 and 28 weeks.

The Age of Viability.

Question 39

An infant born prematurely at the age of viability will-

Answer 39

Have a chance at survival even though their bodily systems may be underdeveloped

Question 40

What risk factors to a pregnant mother can put their baby at risk?

Answer 40

The mother’s nutrition, age, and exposure to teratogens

Question 41

Failure of a pregnant mother to consume enough folic acid may cause-

Answer 41

Spina Bifida

Question 42

Failure of the neural tube to close properly and can result to damage to the spinal cord + nervous system during the first month of pregnancy =

Answer 42

Spina Bifida

Question 43

What foods are essential for healthy prenatal development?

Answer 43

Foods high in proteins, vitamins, and minerals

Question 44

Older mothers may have trouble getting pregnant and may be at higher risk for chromosomal defects like-

Answer 44

Down-Syndrome

Question 45

Some teenagers may be less likely to-

And have increased for-

Answer 45

Seek prenatal care.

Have increased risk for unfinished education, prematurity, or low-birth-weight infants

Question 46

Teratogens are classified into how many types? What are they?

Answer 46

4.

Physical Agents (like hypothermia)
Metabolic Conditions (like diabetes)
Infection (like rubella)
Drugs (like alcohol)