Respiratory Panopto Part 2 Flashcards
Reduced oxygen levels in the blood =
Hypoxemia
Poor diffusion at the alveolar-capillary level (like Pulmonary Edema, Atelectasis) =
Hypoxemia
Not enough tissue oxygen ANYWHERE in the body, especially at the cellular level =
Hypoxia
Hypoxia for how long can lead to permanent brain damage?
3-5 Minutes
Causes of Hypoxia:
Hypoventilation (Not enough air, poor ventilation)
Hypoxemia (Low O2 levels from poor diffusion)
Low RBC (Decreased O2 carrying capacity)
Alterations in your respiratory function can be things like-
Hypoxia
Altered Breathing Pattern (Khusmal’s, Cheyne-Strokes)
The level of the O2 in the blood is measured as the-
pO2
A low pO2 can be labeled as-
Hypoxemia
Will lab values vary from place to place?
Yes
A normal lab value range for pO2 =
80 - 100 mm Hg
A normal lab value range for SaO2 =
95% - 98%
A normal lab value range for pCO2 =
35-45 mm Hg
A normal lab value range for RBC =
Men = 4.6 - 6.0 mm3 (Average is 5 Million)
Women = 4.0 - 5.0 mm3 (Average is 4.5 Million)
A normal lab value range for HgB =
Men = 13.5 - 18 g/dl
Women = 12 - 15 g/dl
A normal lab value range for HcT =
Men = 40% - 54%
Women = 36% - 46%
% of RBC’s in plasma, usually about 3x the HgB =
HcT
HcT is increased in -
HcT is lower in-
FVD (Fluid Volume Deficit)
Over-Hydration
What are your best indicators of tissue oxygenation?
pO2 and HgB
A low HgB and RBC value can be caused by-
Anemia
Hemorrhage
Blood Cancers (like Leukemia)
A low HgB value is gonna mean less oxygen can be carried by the blood. This results in-
Difficult Respirations
HcT can be used as an indicator for-
Hydration Status (Remember, High = Dry)
Amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the blood =
PaO2
Your Oxygen Saturation, the amount of oxygen that is bound to your hemoglobin =
SaO2
If your SaO2 is 90%, then what does that mean?
90% of your hemoglobin has O2 bound to it
Your Pulse Oximetry, this is an indirect measurement of O2 Saturation =
SpO2
What is the normal lab value for your SpO2?
94 - 99 %
What is the normal lab value for your Pa02?
80-100 mm Hg
What is the normal lab value for your SaO2?
Greater than 95%
Which indicates the need for continuous O2 therapy?
A.) SpO2 92%, PaO2 65 mm Hg
B.) SpO2 95%, PaO2 70 mm Hg
C.) SpO2 90%, PaO2 60 mm Hg
D.) SpO2 88%, PaO2 55 mm Hg
D
Early Clinical Manifestations of Hypoxia:
Respiratory Changes:
Tachypnea
LOC Changes:
Restless, Irritable, Anxious
Skin Changes:
Pallor
Abnormal Labs:
Low pO2
Low SaO2 (O2 Saturation)
High pCO2 (this is called Hypercapnia)
Late Clinical Manifestations of Hypoxia:
Respiratory Changes:
Dyspnea at rest + Use of Accessory Muscles
LOC Changes:
Confusion
Skin Changes:
Cyanosis
Abnormal Labs:
Low pO2
Low SaO2 (O2 Saturation)
High pCO2 (this is called Hypercapnia)
Is Nasal Flaring a good thing?
Nope
What late respiratory changes concerning hypoxia might you witness in children?
Substernal or Intercostal Retractions
Nasal Flaring
Why do LOC changes happen because of hypoxia?
Lack of oxygen to the brain
Hypercapnia is also referred to as-
Hypercarbia
Elevated level of CO2 in the blood =
Hypercapnia
What is Hypercapnia caused by?
Hypoventilation or whenever the Alveoli are ventilated but not perfused
The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood causes the pH of the blood to-
Drop, leading to a state of Respiratory Acidosis