IV Therapy PowerPoint

Question 1

Purposes & Uses of IV Therapy =

Answer 1

To sustain PT’s who are unable to ingest fluids orally.

Water, electrolyte, and nutrient replacement.

Immediate vascular access for rapid delivery, meds, or blood transfusions

Question 2

The Osmolality of this type of solution is the same as body fluids =

Answer 2

Isotonic Solution

Question 3

This type of solution can cause an increased Extracellular volume and does not enter cells =

Answer 3

Isotonic Solution

Question 4

This type of solution is more dilute. It has a lower Osmolality than body fluids =

Answer 4

Hypotonic Solution

Question 5

This type of solution can cause water to move into the cells via osmosis =

Answer 5

Hypotonic Solution

Question 6

You need to administer a hypotonic solution slowly to prevent-

Answer 6

Cellular Edema

Question 7

This type of solution is more concentrated, has a higher Osmolality than body fluids =

Answer 7

Hypertonic Solution

Question 8

This type of solution can cause water to move from the cell into Extracellular Fluid by way of osmosis =

Answer 8

Hypertonic

Question 9

This type of solution pulls fluid from the interstitial space to the vascular compartment =

Answer 9

Colloids (“Plasma Expanders”)

Question 10

This type of solution increases volume rapidly.

It is used to treat hemorrhage or severe hypovolemia =

Answer 10

Colloids (“Plasma Expanders”)

Question 11

What are seven things that you need to keep in mind when choosing the site for an IV Insertion?

Answer 11

Use distal veins first (The veins closest to yourself and not the patient).
Restarts should be proximal (Above) to the previous site.
Use the non-dominant arm if possible.
Select veins that are easily palpated and feel full.
Avoid veins that are in areas of flexion, highly visible, damaged, knotted, or in a compromised extremity.
Dilate the vein.
Limit your attempts to 2.

Question 12

Name 5 things that you should avoid whenever it comes to IV insertion:

Answer 12

Avoid the Antecubital Basilic & Median Cubital Veins.
Areas of infiltration, infection, or thrombosis.
Extremities with dialysis grafts.
Extremities on the same side of a mastectomy.
Avoid vessels of compromised blood flow such as in paralysis.

Question 13

Why should you avoid the Antecubital Basilic & Median Cubital Veins when inserting an IV?

Answer 13

These are used for blood draws, PICC lines, and for Bolus Injections of meds.

Question 14

What are the 3 types of tubing?

Answer 14

Primary

Secondary

Extension

Question 15

IV tubing should be changed how often?

Answer 15

Every 96 Hours

Question 16

IV Catheter Sizes:

Yellow =

Answer 16

24 Gauge

Question 17

IV Catheter Sizes:

Blue =

Answer 17

22 Gauge

Question 18

IV Catheter Sizes:

Pink =

Answer 18

20 Gauge

Question 19

IV Catheter Sizes:

Green =

Answer 19

18 Gauge

Question 20

IV Catheter Sizes:

Grey =

Answer 20

16 Gauge

Question 21

IV Catheter Sizes:

Orange =

Answer 21

14 Gauge

Question 22

The smaller the gauge number, the larger the-

The larger the gauge number, the smaller the-

Answer 22

Diameter of the lumen

Question 23

What are things that you should check IV solutions for?

Answer 23

Expiration Date
Cloudiness
Leaks
Right Solution
Evidence of Prior Opening
Correct Volume (Don’t select a volume higher than what’s ordered)

Question 24

IV Solutions come in how many mL containers?

Answer 24

50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 mL containers

Question 25

Should you write directly on the bag with a pen?

Answer 25

No, it may puncture

Question 26

Should you write directly on the bag with a marker instead of a pen?

Answer 26

Neither are good to do. Markers may absorb through the plastic and into the solution

Question 27

What should you do before the initiation of IV therapy?

Answer 27

Determine the type & amount of solution needed. Determine the dosage of any meds to be added. If any meds are to be added, check their compatibility. Determine the flow rate or infusion time. Verify that the solution matches the one prescribed by the provider. Understand the purpose for the infusion. Follow the med administration rights.

Question 28

IV Bags should be changed how often? The Primary Line should be changed how often? The Secondary Tubing that remains attached to the primary line should be changed how often? The IV Site itself should be changed how often?

Answer 28

IV Bags = Every 24 Hours Primary Line = Every 94 Hours Secondary Tubing = Every 94 Hours IV Site = 72-96 Hours

Question 29

Dressings are changed only if-

Answer 29

Soiled or not intact

Question 30

How often should an IV Site be monitored?

Answer 30

Hourly

Question 31

What should an IV Site be monitored for?

Answer 31

Proper Solution Infusing Observe Flow rate Hourly Patency. Inspect the Site for discoloration, edema, or drainage.

Question 32

Should you always educate the PT about how IV’s work when they are being given one?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

When monitoring an IV site, you should document any-

Answer 33

Pertinent Information

Question 34

What are some factors that can influence the IV Flow Rate?

Answer 34

Extremity Position Tubing Patency / Position The Height of the Solution (3ft Overhead) Infiltration Fluid Leakage Size of Angiocath

Question 35

The unintended administration of a nonvesicant drug or fluid into the subcutaneous tissue =

Answer 35

Infiltration

Question 36

Caused by the puncture of a vein, a dislodged catheter, or a poorly secured infusion device =

Answer 36

Infiltration

Question 37

Infiltration Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 37

Skin is cool around the site Skin Blanches Tautness of the skin Edema at/near site Site leakage Lack of blood return Discomfort

Question 38

The unintended administration of a vesicant drug or fluids into the subcutaneous tissue =

Answer 38

Extravasation

Question 39

Is extravasation caused by the same thing that infiltration is caused by?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Extravasation Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 40

Pain, tenderness, or discomfort at site Edema at or near site Skin Blanches Temp Changes at site Burning, stinging pain at site Tightness below site Redness followed by Blistering, Tissue Necrosis, and Ulceration

Question 41

Inflammation of the vein =

Answer 41

Phlebitis

Question 42

How many types of phlebitis are there? What are they called?

Answer 42

3 Mechanical, Chemical, Bacterial

Question 43

Phlebitis Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 43

Redness at the site Warmth at the site Edema at the site Palpable cord along vein Increased temp Burning along vein Red line along vein course

Question 44

A bolus of air in the vein =

Answer 44

Air Embolism

Question 45

What do you do if Air Embolism is suspected?

Answer 45

Clamp the tubing, turn the PT to their left side in Trendelenberg’s Position. Notify the provider.

Question 46

Air Embolism Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 46

Tachycardia Chest Pain Dyspnea Hypotension Cyanosis Lowered LOC

Question 47

IV Catheter breaks off in the vein =

Answer 47

Catheter Embolism

Question 48

What should you do is a Catheter Embolism is suspected? What should you prepare for?

Answer 48

Tourniquet as proximally (above) to the IV site of the affected limb as possible. Notify provider asap. Prepare for a radiograph and surgery to remove the catheter.

Question 49

Catheter Embolism Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 49

Lowered BP Pain Along Vein Weak, Rapid Pulse Cyanosis of Nail Beds Loss of Conciousness

Question 50

What is the cause of Circulatory Overload?

Answer 50

Fluids being administered too rapidly

Question 51

How should circulatory overload be prevented?

Answer 51

By assessing if the PT is at risk before fluid administration

Question 52

Circulatory Overload Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 52

Increased BP JVD (Jugular Vein Distention) Tachypnea Dyspnea Moist Cough Crackles

Question 53

The longer the IV therapy continues, the greater the risk for-

Answer 53

Infection

Question 54

How should infection be prevented when administering fluids via IV?

Answer 54

Follow Strict Asepsis. Follow Tubing Changes Policy. Don’t allow solutions to hang for over a day.

Question 55

Infection from an IV Signs & Symptoms:

Answer 55

Edema Redness Warm to touch Purulent Drainage

Question 56

Your PT has drainage at their IV Site, what do you do?

Answer 56

Discontinue the IV, send the catheter in a sterile container to lab for culture

Question 57

Your IV site should be checked how often by a nurse?

Answer 57

Hourly