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Fundamentals 2 Exam 2 Flashcards > Adolescence (12 - 20 Years Old) ATI > Flashcards

Adolescence (12 - 20 Years Old) ATI Flashcards

1
Q

During this stage, you transition from childhood to adulthood =

A

Adolescence

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2
Q

Adolescence literally means-

A

“Grow and mature”

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3
Q

Bridges the gap between dependence and independence =

A

Adolescence

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4
Q

Puberty begins during-

A

Preadolescence

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5
Q

The stage of development usually between 11 and 13 =

A

Preadolescence

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6
Q

Puberty takes years to complete and may last through the end of-

Can puberty continue even after most of the physical changes related to it have taken place?

A

Adolescence

Yes

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7
Q

What does puberty begin with?

A

A growth spurt in height & weight + the development of secondary sex characteristics

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8
Q

When does puberty end in females?

A

The onset of Menarche (First Menstrual Period)

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9
Q

When does puberty end in males?

A

The onset of Spermarche (Sperm Production)

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10
Q

The stage of development in which you become sexually mature =

A

Post-Puberty (Still in Adolescence)

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11
Q

The onset of puberty is influenced by-

A

Genetics, Environmental Factors, & Gender

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12
Q

Which gender typically experiences puberty first?

A

Typically it impacts females first

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13
Q

While variations can occur in the age of onset, duration, and pace of the physical changes of puberty, the sequence of these changes is-

A

Pretty consistent from person to person

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14
Q

What results in the emergence of sexual differences between females and males in regard to adult body size, composition, and shape?

A

The rapid growth and development during puberty

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15
Q

Primary sex characteristics =

A

Primary sex organs that are present at birth + involved with reproduction

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16
Q

Secondary sex characteristics =

A

Breasts in females, pigmented facial hair in males

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17
Q

Do secondary sexual characteristics play any role in reproduction?

A

No, they just appear during puberty

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18
Q

Pubic hair is initially -

It eventually becomes-

A

Sparse + Lightly Pigmented

Grows Darker + Coarser

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19
Q

During puberty in males, what happens to the larynx (voicebox) and vocal cords? What does this result in?

A

They increase in size, resulting in a deepened voice

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20
Q

In females, some changes of puberty include:

A

Fat distribution changes, there is also an increase in the width + roundness of the hip and pelvic regions

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21
Q

Both females and males produce what during puberty?

What does this cause?

A

Sebaceous glands that become larger and more active.

Causes Acne.

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22
Q

Puberty causes awkward stages, both in their appearance and their-

A

Physical Coordination

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23
Q

Hormonal changes during puberty are triggered by -

A

The Hypothalamus

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24
Q

How does the hypothalamus trigger the hormonal changes during puberty?

A

It begins releasing Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

25
Q

When GnRH is produced, where is it taken? Then what does it do?

A

It’s transported to the anterior pituitary gland, then stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins

26
Q

What are the two different types of gonadotropins?

A

Follicle Stimulation Hormone (FHS)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

27
Q

FSH stimulates the development of-

A

Eggs in females + Sperm in males

28
Q

LH stimulates the-

A

Testes to secrete testosterone + Ovaries to secrete estrogen

29
Q

Testosterone + Estrogen stimulate the development of-

A

Primary + Secondary Sex Characteristics

Influence the physical growth spurt in adolescence

30
Q

What happens to the brain during adolescence?

A

It becomes more complex and the number of folds increases.

Unused brain pathways are eliminated as myelination increases

31
Q

Unused brain pathways are eliminated during adolescence, this process is called-

A

Synaptic Pruning

32
Q

The brain becomes more efficient and functional during-

This causes-

A

Adolescence

Major Cognitive Changes

33
Q

Cognitive functioning in an adolescent is-

34
Q

The brain capacity for these 3 things matures during adolescence:

A

Attention, Memory, Cognitive Processing

35
Q

Some of the most significant changes to the brain in adolescence occur in the-

A

Prefrontal Cortex

36
Q

The anterior area of the brain that’s involved in decision making, abstract thinking, problem solving, and impulse control =

A

The Prefrontal Cortex

37
Q

Paradoxically, while adolescents are developing the ability to think like adults, they are often-

A

Risk Takers

38
Q

Adolescents are prone to-

A

Giving into peer pressure

39
Q

Is it true that some scientists believe that adolescent are genetically wired to be risk takers?

Why?

A

Yes.

It could be an evolutionary benefit that helps build the confidence + motivation needed to leave your family + begin a life of your own

40
Q

What happens to the heart and lungs during adolescence?

What does this lead to?

A

They increase in size + compacity

Increased strength + Endurance

41
Q

What happens to the stomach and intestines during adolescence?

A

They increase in size + compacity

42
Q

Eye-Hand Coordination + Dexterity Improves During-

A

Adolescence

43
Q

Psychosocial changes occur at what kind of pace during adolescence?

A

A Rapid Pace

44
Q

Are Psychosocial changes almost as dramatic as the physical changes associated with puberty?

45
Q

When do people develop a sense of identity?

A

During Adolescence

46
Q

Peer relationships become more important than family ones during-

A

Adolescence

47
Q

Is it normal during adolescence to experience a strong desire to conform to their peer group due to their need for acceptance + belonging?

A

Yes, especially during early to mid Adolescence

48
Q

When does a person experience a heightened sense of sexuality + begin sexual exploration?

A

Adolescence

49
Q

Both males and females tend to become unhappy with -

A

Their appearances during adolescence

50
Q

Adolescents require a lot of iron to make-

A well-met caloric intake is necessary to support-

Calcium is needed for-

A

Extra Hemoglobin.

Proper Growth & Development associated with puberty.

The extra bone growth.

51
Q

Why do males require additional hemoglobin during adolescence?

A

Because of increased muscle mass

52
Q

Why do females require additional hemoglobin during adolescence?

A

Because of blood loss during menstruation

53
Q

In some cases, adolescents will rely extensively on-

This can cause problems like-

A

Fast foods + unhealthy food choices

Obesity or disordered eating

54
Q

What happens in terms of teeth during adolescence?

A

The second molars erupt

55
Q

By the end of adolescence, what happens to your jaw?

A

It reaches and adult size

56
Q

By early adulthood, what kinds of teeth appear?

A

Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth)

57
Q

What’s one of the most widely unmet health care needs of adolescents?

A

Oral Health

58
Q

Why might adolescents be at a higher risk for dental issues?

A

Sports Injury, Oral Piercings, High Sugar Intake, Nicotine Initiation, Orthodontic Considerations

59
Q

Lifelong dental health habits are created during-

A

Childhood + Adolescence

Fundamentals 2 Exam 2 Flashcards (28 decks)

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