PEDS Toddler Panopto Flashcards
The age range for toddlerhood is-
1-3 Years (12-36 Months)
During toddlerhood, you’ll notice some major growth in what kind’s of advancements?
Physical + Mental Advancements
What are some challenges in toddlerhood?
Independence & Autonomy
Safety, because they like to explore their surroundings
When do you learn that your behavior has a predictable effect on others?
Toddlerhood
What psychological development stage could be described as “A time of holding on and letting go”?
Toddlerhood
What provides a foundation for trust and security in children?
Predictable Routines + Consistent Relationships
Human Development itself relies on-
Predictability
At what stage of development do you learn that following the rules can be rewarded?
Toddlerhood
At what stage of development do you learn that not following the rules can result in punishment?
Toddlerhood
What age group asks a lot of questions and is curious about almost everything?
Toddlers
A toddler sees something new that they want to try, how should you handle it?
Let them play with it and explore it if it’s not too dangerous, just be sure to monitor them
Physical Development Changes in a Toddler =
Anterior fontanel closes by 18 months
By 30 months old, the they should be 4 times their birthweight
Grow about 4 - 6 lbs a year
Grow about 3 inches a year
The head circumference + chest circumference are typically equal by about 1-2 years old
The head circumference is proportional to the rest of the body by age 3
The growth of a child is measured by-
Standardized Growth Charts
With these, all you do is take things like a child’s age, height, weight, chest circumference, and head circumference, then you plot these things onto a chart to see what percentile they are at =
Standardized Growth Measurements
Neurological Development during Toddlerhood =
Better Coordination + Balance
Rapid Increase in Language Skills
Sphincter Control (Bowel + Urine Control)
What GI and GU Developments occur during Toddlerhood?
Should have some Bladder Control by 24 months old
Should have some Bowel Control by the end of the toddler stage
Toddlerhood Musculoskeletal System Development =
Head Circumference = Chest Circumference
Rounded Abdomen
Squat, Pot-Bellied Appearance
Swayback; Wide Stance
Bone Growth; Stronger Muscles in Extremities than the Abdomen
Bow Legged Until About 2 Years Old
When a child’s legs curve outwards at the knees -
Bow Legged
Piaget: Toddler =
Sensorimotor (Birth - 2 Years)
World is a series of objects (Ball, Car)
Experimentation + Cause & Effect (Doorknobs, Lockerdoors, Objects In/Out of Containers)
Toddlers enjoy repetitive toys, they can’t transfer knowledge to new situations, they must reinvestigate and explore the same objects over and over again.
Mental Combinations during Toddlerhood (18-24 Months)
Object Permanence is achieved (toddler looks away from ball, toddler should know that the ball is still there)
Imitation / Domestic Mimicry (by 2 years old) = Symbolic, Imitates Chores
A toddler should have a sense of ownership (Me, Mine)
A toddler should be capable of following simple directions
If you’re a 0-6 month old infant, your sense of object permanence is-
Not developed. (Peek-A-Boo = Fun)
If you’re a 8 month old to 1 year old infant, your sense of object permanence is-
ACHIEVED, but still developing, you’ll look for an object where it was last seen and not in a new place
This is when you begin to realize that an object exists even when unseen
If you’re a 2 year old toddler, your sense of object permanence is-
Achieved + Fully Developed
If an infant under 8 months old doesn’t see an object, they-
Won’t look for it, it no longer exists to them
Why might an infant under 8 months old run into more separation anxiety than a toddler?
An undeveloped object permanence in infancy = Separation Anxiety
A developed object permanence as a toddler = Less Separation Anxiety
If you are between 1 and 2 years old, your sense of object permanence is-
If you are 2 years old, your sense of object permanence is-
ACHIEVED, but yet to be fully developed
Fully Developed
Object permanence helps -
Form mental pictures of objects in your mind + Helps develop self and others as individuals
How are Neurological Development and Cognitive Development different?
Neurological development is the growth of all the structures of the brain
Cognitive development is the “What we do with what we’ve got”
(Thank you Google, you are a life saver)
Toddlerhood Cognitive Development Changes =
Piaget Preoperational Stage (2-7 Years)
Toddlers (1-3 Years) start to recognize that objects have unique aspects, like size (big or small?) or color (red or blue?). This gets to be more developed during preschool
Symbolic thought & play.
Bowl = Imitate Eating
Bowl Upside Down = Helmet/ Hat
Animism Starts = Tate feelings to objects (Not fully developed until preschool age)
Needle = Hurt
Blanket = Comfort
Egocentrism (Can’t see other’s viewpoints + Can’t understand another’s feelings + Everything relates to themselves)
It’s because of a toddler’s egocentrism, that it’s important to-
Tell them not to do thing’s in a specific way.
Don’t state reasons why something is wrong. “Don’t spit at Jimmy, that’s wrong!” “Don’t hit others, that’s not nice!”
A more effective way to tell a toddler not to do something is just by saying “Don’t spit at Jimmy”
Use I statements like “I don’t want you to hit others” “I don’t want you to spit at Jimmy”
Toddler Communication + Language Development =
Toddlers ask a lot of questions Why’s? & What’s?
Vocabulary
A 2 year old toddler can generally understand around 50 - 300 words. Can speak in 2-3 Word Sentences
Telegraph Speech = Uses only essential words
Echolalia = Repeats words without understanding them
(Seen in toddlers that are less than 30 months old)
Receptive Language better than Expressive Language for toddlers
What is the gap in terms of how many words a 1 year old toddler knows, versus what words a two year old toddler knows, compared to how many a kid who just reached the end of toddlerhood should know?
A 1 year old toddler only knows 1 word sentences/ holophrases.
A 2 year old toddler can generally understand around 50 - 300 words. Can speak in 2-3 Word Sentences.
A 3 year old kid can generally understand about 1,000 words. Can speak in 3-4 Word sentences.
Can toddlers follow a 2-Step demand?
Yup
When a child understands what is being said and asked =
Receptive Language
When a child can communicate what they want =
Expressive Language
Can you identify speech problems during toddlerhood?
Yes, and you can get some early interventions done
You may have issues like Stuttering or other Speech Impediments that become identifiable during-
Toddlerhood
How can someone promote Language Development to a toddler?
Talk & Sing to toddler during daily routine
Frequently Repeat object names
Listen & Answer toddler’s questions
Patience: Give toddler time to complete thoughts
Teach correct name of body parts + objects
Toddlerhood Erikson’s Stage =
Shame & Doubt
An infant’s trust develop before a toddler’s autonomy can develop
They also need ritualism (routines and all that good stuff) for autonomy to develop
What are some activities that toddlers can do that show autonomy?
Imitating adults or playmates
Separation from parent or caregiver
Delayed gratification
Negativism abounds
If trust develops with infancy, the toddler should be ready to -
Give up dependence + Assert control (Autonomy should develop)
What is behavior that is negative of that suggested by others called?
Here’s a better way of understanding this imo.
During the Erikson’s stages of development, there is always a positive versus negative. For example, during the Autonomy vs Guilt stage of development, the child should have autonomy and not feel guilty. If they do feel guilty, then this is an example of-
Negativism
If you are in the autonomy vs. shame & doubt stage of development, a healthy thing to happen would be that you start separating from your parents more often and start experiencing separation anxiety.
True or false?
True, separation anxiety during this stage of development is normal
When do you become more willing to have playmates and start imitating others?
Toddlerhood / Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Emotional Liability =
Rapid changing emotions
Is it normal to have emotional liability during the Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage of development?
Yes