Blood Transfusions PowerPoint Flashcards
Blood Transfusion =
Infusion of whole blood or blood components into venous circulation
Proteins on the surface of red blood cells, they’re unique to each person =
Antigens
Promotes Agglutination (The clumping of cells) =
Antigens
What antigens are the most important in determining blood group or type?
A, B, and Rh
Are there any A or B antigens present in the O blood type?
No
During a blood transfusion, the blood group of the donor and recipient must match to avoid -
An antigen-body reaction and the destruction (Hemolysis) of red blood cells
The universal RBC donor is-
0 -
The universal RBC recipient is-
AB +
A types can be donated to -
A, AB
B types can be donated to -
B, AB
AB types can be donated to -
Other AB types
O types can be donated to -
Any of the other blood types
What % of Americans have Rh?
85%
If a an Rh- mother is carrying an Rh+ fetus or if transfusing a Rh+ blood type to a Rh- patient, what does this place them at risk of?
Antigen-antibody reaction and hemolysis of RBC’s
What do you need to assess pregnant women for when it comes to blood?
If the pregnant woman’s blood is compatible with the neonate’s
The study of blood =
Hematology
How can a nurse determine the possible interactions of antigens with antibodies?
Crossmatching
RBC’s from the donor and serum from the recipient are mixed. A reagent is added and then is examined for
clumping of cells.
This is called-
Crossmatching
RBC’s from the donor and serum from the recipient are mixed during a crossmatching. What is the reagent called that you are about to add to this to assess for the clumping of cells?
Coomb’s Serum
If clumping (agglutination) occurs during a crossmatching, the risk of a transfusion reaction is-
If it does not occur then it is-
High
Low
List the types of products for blood transfusions:
Whole blood
Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC’s)
Autologous red blood cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Albumin and plasma protein fraction
Clotting factors and cryoprecipitate
Blood in the state as it flows within our bodies, with none of its components removed =
Whole Blood
What does whole blood replace?
Blood Volume + All Blood Products
Is Whole Blood commonly used?
Nah
When a might whole blood be used?
May be used in extreme, acute hemorrhage
Used to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood in anemias. Used to replace Erythrocytes (RBC’s) =
Packed Red Blood Cells
One unit of Packed Red Blood Cells raises Hemoglobin level by-
It raises Hematocrit by-
Hemoglobin = 1 g/dL
Hematocrit = 3 %
A change in lab values will take how long after a packed red blood cells transfusion to complete?
4 - 6 hrs
Infusion time for 1 unit of Packed Red Blood Cells =
4 hrs
Client donates his/her own blood within 5 weeks of need but ends at least 3 days prior to date of potential transfusion =
Autologous Transfusion
Autologous Transfusion is not an option for patient’s with-
Leukemia or Bacteremia
Autologous Transfusions can be carried out every how many days if their hgb values are safe?
Every 3 days
These kinds of transfusions are typically used if you have an upcoming surgical procedure =
Autologous Transfusion
Used to treat thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunctions =
Platelets
Are fresh platelets more effective than older platelets?
Yup
Is crossmatching required for platelets?
No, but they’re still typically done anyway
Platelets are to be administered -
Rapidly (over 15-30 mins)
Each unit of platelets will increase platelet count by approximately -
5,000 - 10,000