Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals 2 Exam 2 Flashcards > Respiratory Panopto Part 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Panopto Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal breathing sounds =

A

Adventitious Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Involuntary cessation of breathing =

A

Apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs =

A

Atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Slow rate of breathing =

A

Bradypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gradual increase and then gradual decrease in depth of respiration followed a period of apnea =

A

Cheyne-Strokes Respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs =

A

Crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A grating sound or sensation under the skin around the lungs, or in the joints =

A

Crepitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bluish coloring of the skin =

A

Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Difficult or labored breathing =

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sputum containing blood =

A

Hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving lungs =

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs =

A

Hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells =

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nostrils widen while breathing, indicates difficulty in breathing =

A

Nasal Flaring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shortness of breath when lying flat and relieved by sitting or standing =

A

Orthopnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Air in the pleural space =

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Harsh, high-pitched sound usually heard on inspiration when upper airway become narrowed =

A

Stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rapid rate of breathing =

A

Tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High-pitched, musical noise that sounds like a squeak =

A

Wheezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

A

The Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What connects the Nose to the Pharynx?

A

The Nasal Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the nose do to air to protect the lower airway?

A

Warms, Filters, & Humidifies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many parts does the Pharynx have?

What are they?

A

3

The Nasopharynx, The Oropharynx, & The Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is located at the roof of the nose. Gives you your sense of smell =

A

Olfactory Nerve Endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Air moves through the larynx, then the epiglottis, then the trachea.
True or false?

A

False, it first travels through the Epiglottis, then the Larynx, then the Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A small flap behind the tongue that closes over the Larynx during swallowing (to prevent food + liquids from going down into the lungs) =

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When you get particles into the lung, causing an inflammatory response that can trigger a pulmonary infection =

A

Aspiration Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If food or drink goes into the larynx and the epiglottis doesn’t function appropriately, what can happen?

A

Aspiration Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

As you go down the trachea, what does it do?

A

It Bifurcates, meaning it splits into two.
Whenever it splits into two, it goes to the left and right Main Stem Bronchi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the point of the trachea called that Bifurcates?

A

The Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The Carina is highly-

A

Sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Touching the Carina during suctioning causes-

A

Vigorous Coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the Lower Respiratory Tract made of?

A

Bronchi (Right & Left Main Stem Bronchus)
Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli
Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How many loves does the right lung have?

A

3 (Upper, Middle, Lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many loves does the left lung have?

A

2 (Upper, Lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The top, rounded part of the lung is called-

A

The Apex of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The lower part of the lung is called-

A

The Base of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The Base of the lung rests upon the-

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What contains the Bronchiole Tree?

A

The Base of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Why is the left lung smaller than the right?

A

To make room for the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Repeated division of the Bronchi which ends with Terminal Bronchioles =

A

Bronchial Tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Terminal Bronchioles eventually lead to the -

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

This is where Gas Exchange occurs, after the air passes through the Terminal Bronchioles =

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Formed from Alveolar & Capillary Walls =

A

Alveolar Capillary Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The Alveolar Walls are covered by a mesh of-

A

Pulmonary Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Gas Exchange occurs when the CO2 and O2 diffuse across a semipermeable membrane, thus it happens by-

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration =

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The greatest concentration for oxygen molecules is on -

A

The Alveoli Side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The greatest concentration for Carbon Dioxide is on -

A

The Capillary Side (From deoxygenated blood from the Right Ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The Main Stems of the bronchi sub-divide into the-

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Beyond your Bronchioles are your-

A

Alveolar Ducts + Alveolar Sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The Bronchioles have muscles that can-

A

Constrict & Dilate

53
Q

What is it called when the Bronchioles are Constricted?

A

Bronchoconstriction

54
Q

What is it called when the Bronchioles are Dilated?

A

Bronchodilation

55
Q

The Airflow that comes through the Trachea and the Bronchi =

A

The Pathway to conduct gases to the alveoli

56
Q

Are the Alveoli in contact with the Pulmonary Capillaries?

A

Yes

57
Q

Excess fluid that fills the interstitial space, and the alveoli =

A

Pulmonary Edema

58
Q

Pulmonary Edema does what to gas exchange?

A

It Greatly Decreases Gas Exchange

59
Q

Occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide =

A

Hypoventilation

60
Q

A state of ventilation in which the lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism =

A

Hyperventilation

61
Q

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level =

A

Hypoxia

62
Q

Infant + Toddler Developmental Factors that Influence Oxygenation =

A

Infants + Toddlers are at risk for Upper Respiratory Infections.
Especially due to 2nd hand smoke and being around other children.
They’re also at risk for airway obstruction due to foreign objects.

63
Q

School-Age + Adolescent Developmental Factors that Influence Oxygenation =

A

Cigarette Smoke
Experimenting with Cigarettes or Electronic Cigarettes (Vapes)

64
Q

Lifestyle Factors that Influence Oxygenation =

A

Nutrition
Hydration
Exercise
Smoking
Substance Abuse
Stress
Obesity
Inactive (Sedentary) Lifestyle
Unhealthy Diets
Excess Intake of Caffeinated Drinks/ Energy Drinks

65
Q

Young and Middle-Aged Adult Developmental Factors that Influence Oxygenation =

A

Unhealthy Diets
Lack of Exercise
Stress
Smoking
Meds (Prescribed + Over The Counter)

66
Q

Older Adult Developmental Factors that Influence Oxygenation =

A

Physiological Changes

Lifestyle Factors

67
Q

Secreted by Alveoli, which makes the Alveoli less likely to collapse =

A

Surfactant

68
Q

Collapsed, Airless Alveoli =

A

Atelectasis

69
Q

Volume of air exchanged with each breath =

A

Tidal Volume (V T)

70
Q

Air in this space is NOT used in gas exchange =

A

Anatomic Dead Space (V D)

71
Q

If air is in either of these two structures, then the air is in the Anatomic Dead Space =

A

Trachea OR Bronchi

72
Q

The normal Tidal Volume =

A

500 mL

73
Q

Of each 500 mL inhaled, approximately how many mL goes into the Anatomic Dead Space?

A

~150 mL

74
Q

Membranes that line the chest cavity =

A

Pleura

75
Q

A continuous thin membrane that makes up the Pleural Cavity =

A

Pleura

76
Q

What are the 2 pleural membranes?

A

Parietal Pleura

Visceral Pleura

77
Q

Pleura that lines the chest wall (Thorax) & Diaphragm =

A

Parietal Pleura

78
Q

Pleura the lines the lung surface =

A

Visceral Pleura

79
Q

The pleura are joined, and they from a-

A

Double Wall Closed Sac

80
Q

The Intra-Pleural Space is also called-

A

The Pleural Cavity

81
Q

The space between the visceral and the parietal pleura =

A

The Pleural Cavity

82
Q

The Pleural Cavity holds how much pleural fluid?

What does this fluid do?

A

~25 mL.

It lubricates membranes.
It also allows pleura to slide easily without friction, during respirations.

83
Q

What are the types of pressure?

A

Intra-Pleural Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
Intra-Thoracic (Intra-Pulmonic) Pressure

84
Q

What is Intra-Pleural Pressure?

A

Normal Expansion.

Pressure in the Pleural Cavity, around the lungs.

85
Q

What is Atmospheric Pressure?

A

The pressure outside the chest in the atmosphere

86
Q

Intra-Thoracic (Intra-Pulmonic) Pressure

A

Pressure inside the lungs

87
Q

You should have a negative or low pressure in the pleural space, so your Intra-Pleural pressure should be less pressure than-

Why?

A

The Atmospheric Pressure + Intra-Thoracic Pressure.

To allow room for the lungs to expand

88
Q

What does positive or increased intra-pleural pressure do to the lungs?

A

Air goes into the intra-pleural space which causes a collapse of the lung (Which is called a Pneumothorax)

89
Q

What is positive or increased intra-pleural pressure caused by?

A

This is caused by an open chest cavity like a stab wound or surgery

90
Q

A Pneumothorax will have what effect on the lung?

A

Diminished / Absent Lung Sounds.

The respirations will be asymmetrical, there will be sharp pain, tachypnea, restlessness, and anxiety

91
Q

How does a pneumothorax get treated?

A

A chest tube or a thoracentesis is done to remove the air, blood, and pus from the intra-pleural space

92
Q

When you take a needle and go into the lung to remove air, blood, or pus, this is called a-

A

Thoracentesis

93
Q

The lungs expand due to -

If this is changed then what happens?

A

The negative intra-pleural pressure.

The lung collapses (Pneumothorax).

94
Q

What’s the difference between intra-pleural and intra-pulmonic?

A

Intra-pleural = In between the Pleura

Intra-Pulmonic = Inside the lung

95
Q

What are the 2 different types of pneumothorax?

A

Open Pneumothorax

Closed Pneumothorax

96
Q

A Pneumothorax caused by an external wound =

A

Open Pneumothorax

97
Q

In an Open Pneumothorax, air will enter through the-

A

Opening in the chest wall and Parietal Pluera (The outer lining of the pleura)

98
Q

A pneumothorax with no external open wound =

A

Closed Pneumothorax

99
Q

When does a Closed Pneumothorax occur?

A

When the Visceral Pleura is disrupted, this allows air to enter the pleural space through the lung

100
Q

Exchange of respiratory gases (O2 & CO2) between the atmosphere and blood =

A

Oxygenation

101
Q

What are the 3 steps of the oxygenation process?

A

Ventilation (Also called Pulmonary Ventilation or breathing)
Gas Exchange
Transport

102
Q

Breathing, move gases in & out of lungs via inhalation and exhalation =

A

Ventilation

103
Q

Diffusion of O2 & CO2 between alveoli & pulmonary capillaries =

A

Gas Exchange

104
Q

O2 transported to organs and tissues + returns CO2 back to lungs for exhalation (returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs to the alveoli) =

A

Transport

105
Q

The Diaphragm plays a big role in-

A

Ventilation, because it helps the lungs to expand

106
Q

Deoxygenated blood gets to the alveoli via-

A

The Pulmonary Artery

107
Q

Oxygenated blood gets to leave the alveoli via-

A

The Pulmonary Vein

108
Q

Inspiration/Inhalation is a-

A

Active Process

109
Q

Diaphragm contracts & moves downward = lungs expand =

A

More Lung Volume = Decreased Intra-Thoracic Pressure = Negative Intra-Pleural Pressure = air drawn in = O2 moves into lungs

110
Q

Exhalation/Expiration is a-

A

Passive Process

111
Q

The diaphragm relaxes (and moves back up) and the lungs recoil (return to their normal size) =

A

Less Lung Volume = Increased Intra-Thoracic Pressure = Positive Intra-Thoracic Pressure = air
flows out = CO2 moves out of lungs

112
Q

Abnormal Ventilation = Lung Disease =

A

Extra Effort to Ventilate = Takes more energy to breath in/out

113
Q

What form of breathing should you expect from a pt who requires extra effort to ventilate?

A

Pursed Lip Breathing

114
Q

What does Optimum Ventilation Require?

A

Clear Airways
Intact CNS (Central Nervous System) & Respiratory Center
Thoracic Cavity that can Expand + Contract
Pulmonary Compliance & Recoil

115
Q

The lung’s ability to expand, stretch, and inflate. Needed for normal Inspiration =

A

Lung’s Compliance

116
Q

Lung’s ability to “reduce” after stretching. Needed for normal Exhalation =

A

Elastic Recoil

117
Q

What conditions cause a decreased Lung Compliance?

A

Age
Pulmonary Edema
Pleural Vibrosis
Cystic Vibrosis
Congenital Abnormalities (like Muscular Dystrophy)
Structural Problems (like Kyphosis which is also called a hunch back)
Trauma (like Fractured Ribs)

118
Q

Thickened lung tissue or pleura =

A

Pleural Vibrosis

119
Q

This is a genetic disorder. A patient with this will have mucus that is too thick and sticky =

A

Cystic Vibrosis

120
Q

What conditions cause a decreased Elastic Recoil?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Age

121
Q

What are all of the accessory muscles of respirations for pt’s with decreased lung compliance or elastic recoil?

A

Anterior Neck Muscles

Intercostal + Abdominal Muscles (Work harder to increase lung volume, so fatigue occurs easily)

122
Q

What are some subjective things that you may hear from a pt who is using a lot of their accessory muscles for ventilation?

A

You may hear from them that they are:
Tired
Worn Out
Smothering

123
Q

What are some objective things that you may see from a pt who is using a lot of their accessory muscles for ventilation?

A

You may see:
An elevation of the clavicles with inspiration.
May have a barrel chest (Bigger chest diameter).
Pursed Lip Breathing.

124
Q

The exchange of respiratory gases is also called-

Where does this occur at?

A

Diffusion.

Occurs at the:
Alveolar Capillary Network
Organ & Tissue/Cellular Level (Oxygen goes from the blood to the tissues, CO2 goes from the tissues to the blood)

125
Q

What factors create an Ineffective Diffusion?

A

Thickness of alveolar capillary membrane (Pulmonary Edema, Pulmonary Effusion)

Altered Alveoli Surface (From Chronic Lung Diseases, Pneumothorax, or Lung Surgery)

Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, this means problems at the tissue level (Phlebitis, Peripheral Edema, Poor Circulation)

126
Q

Lung Surgery =

A

Lobectomy

127
Q

O2 Transport depends on-

A

Ventilation, Gas Exchange, Oxygen-Carrying Capacity

128
Q

Oxygen-carrying red pigment in RBC’s, composed of iron, carrier for O2 & CO2 =

A

Hemoglobin (HgB)

129
Q

What effects O2 + CO2 transport?

A

Decreased Cardiac Output
Number of RBC’s (Erythrocytes)
Exercise (Due to increased cardiac output + respirations)

Fundamentals 2 Exam 2 Flashcards (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions