Unit Two- ATP Yield & Alternate sources

Question 1

what are reasons we dont produce the full 36-38 ATP

Answer 1

-some H+ ions leak through the mitochondrial membrane without going through ATP synthase

-some energy is used to transport pyruvate into mitochondria

-some energy is used to transport ATP into the cytoplasm

Question 2

how can proteins enter cellular respiration

Answer 2

-proteins digested into amino acids
-amino acid looses its amino group
-the carbon skeleton can enter as an acetyl group, pyruvate, or krebs cycle

Question 3

what happens if amino groups are not used to construct other proteins

Answer 3

they’ll be converted to fats or carbohydrates and be metabolized to produce energy

Question 4

how can fats enter cellular respiration

Answer 4

-break down into glycerol or fatty acids

-the glycerol can be converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phophaste and enter glycolysis
-inside the mitochondria fatty acids are hydrolyzed into 2carbon fragments that will be converted to acetyl groups

Question 5

what are the two main enzymes that control the rate of ATP production

Answer 5

-phosphofructokinase (excess atp)
-pyruvate dehydrogenase (excess nadh)