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Grade 12 Biology > Unit 1- The cell membrane > Flashcards

Unit 1- The cell membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the fluid mosaic model

A

the cell membrane
-lipid bilayer
-proteins within
*not ridgid, lipids and proteins can move laterally

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2
Q

what factors make the phospholipid bilayer FLUID

A

-the fatty acid chains of phospholipids (unstaurated)
-temp (high, more fluid) (cold, less fluid)
-Sterols (cholesterol regulates temp, making sure it doesn’t become too hot not too cold)

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3
Q

what factors make the phospholipid bilayer SEMIPERMEABLE

A

-hydrophobic core prevents hydrophilic structures but allows hydrophobic structures

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4
Q

what are integral proteins

A

proteins that span the lipid bilayer

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5
Q

where are proteins placed within the cell membrane

A
  1. non-polar regions of the protein are in the interior bilayer
  2. polar regions of the protein protrude both sides of the bilayer
    3.
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6
Q

what is a glycolipid

A

lipid with a carbohydrate chain attached to it on the extracellular surface of the cell

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7
Q

what is a glycoprotein

A

a protein with an extra carbohydrate attached to it on the surface of the cell

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8
Q

what are functions of glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

-receptors
-cell recognition
-hormonal responses
-neurotransmission

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9
Q

what are the criteria for passive transport

A

-small nonpolar molecule
-high & low concentration
-no use of chem energy

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10
Q

what are the 4 types of passive transport

A

-simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis

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11
Q

what is simple diffusion

what can pass through

A

-molecules pass through bilipid layer

-small nonpolar molecules (O2, CO2, N2)
-small polar molecules (H2O, glycerol)

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12
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

-molecules move with the help of transportive proteins

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13
Q

what are the two transportive proteins

A

-channel proteins- like tunnels

-carrier proteins- like elevators

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14
Q

what is osmosis

what can pass through

A

-water molecules pass directly through the lipid bilayer or through a pore

-water

*Moves from high concentration to low concentration

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15
Q

how does water move

A

water always moves towards hyper solution (high solute)

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16
Q

what is a hypotonic solution

what happens to the cell

A

-concentration lowwqh outside cell, concentration high inside cell
-water moves into cell

-cell cannot hold that much water to it lyses (bursts)

17
Q

what is a isotonic solution

what happens to the cell

A

-the concentration is the same outside and inside the cell

-the cell stays normal

18
Q

what is a hypertonic solution

what happens to the cell

A

-concentration outside the cell is higher, concentration inside the cell is low

-the cell shrivels

19
Q

what is a diseases relating to defective channel proteins

A

cystic fibrosis

-channel protein does not move chloride ions
-causes thick, sticky, mucus

20
Q

what is a diseases relating to defective carrier proteins

A

cystin urea

21
Q

when does active transport occur

A

when substances must travel against the concentration gradient (travel from lower to higher)

22
Q

what does active transport require

A

-pumps
-energy (ATP)

23
Q

what does ATP stand for

where does it’s energy come from

A

adenosine tri-phosphate

energy stored in bonds connecting phosphate molecules together (Phosphates are super -ve and want to push away from eachother)

24
Q

what is primary active transport

A

-uses ATP to power pumps that move molecules across membrane against the concentration gradient
-positively charged ions

25
Q

what is the electrochemical gradient

A

difference in electrical potential and difference in concentration gradients

26
Q

what are peripheral membrane proteins

A

proteins anchored to a phospholipid in one layer of the membrane

27
Q

what do peripheral membrane proteins do

A

-receptor recognition
-cell signaling
-carry electrons

28
Q

what is secondary active transport

A

transport of molecules across the cell membrane using energy other then ATP, energy from the electrochemical gradient

29
Q

what are the stages of secondary active transport

A
  1. sodium ions move low [ ] to high [ ] using a Na/K pump
    -this creates a build up of Na ions outside the cell creating an electrochemical gradient
  2. Na ions want to move high [ ] to low [ ]. They take glucose along
30
Q

what is symport

A

substances moving through cell membrane pull other substances through cell membrane in SAME direction

31
Q

what is symport

A

substances moving through cell membrane pull other substances through cell membrane in SAME direction

32
Q

what is anti port

A

when substances moving through the membrane and pull other substances through the cell membrane the opposite direction

Grade 12 Biology (22 decks)

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