Unit 1- Functional Groups

Question 1

what is the simplest organic moleucule

Answer 1

hydrocarbon chain
–> carbons and hydrogens bonded together (C2, H5)

Question 2

what is attached to hydrocarbon chains

Answer 2

R groups (structural group) that determines reactivity)

Question 3

what are the 6 functional groups

Answer 3

1. hydroxyl
2. carboxyl
3. carbonyl
4. amino group
5. sulfhydryl
6. phosphate group

Question 4

hydroxyl
structure and polarity
found in

Answer 4

• O-H
  -polar
  -found in carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 5

carboxyl
structure and polarity
what does it become

Answer 5

• C doubled bonded to O
• C single bonded to O
  *O single bonded to H
  -polar
  -becomes carboxylic acid

Question 6

Carbonyl
structure and polarity
found in

Answer 6

• C double bonded to O
  -polar
• found in proteins, nucleic acid

Question 7

Amino Group
structure and polarity
found in

Answer 7

*N single bonded to H, N single bonded to H (NH2)
-polar
-found in proteins, nucleic acid

Question 8

Sulfhydryl
structure and polarity
found in

Answer 8

*S bonded to H
-weak polarity
-found in proteins and amino acids

Question 9

phosphate group
structure
polarity (why)
found in (why)

Answer 9

-big structure
-very electronegative (surrounded by O)
- can be found free, nucleic acid (building block for DNA)