Unit Four- How the Neuron Works AI Flashcards
What happens when blood pressure is low in relation to the kidneys?
Blood flow to the kidney is low, triggering responses to maintain blood pressure.
Why is it important for the kidney to maintain significant blood pressure?
To ensure adequate blood flow and filtration.
How can high blood pressure damage kidney function?
It can lead to increased pressure in the glomeruli, causing damage and reducing filtration efficiency.
What is osmoregulation?
The regulation of osmotic pressure in the body.
What occurs at high osmotic pressure?
High concentration of solutes in the blood, low water.
What occurs at low osmotic pressure?
Low concentration of solutes in the blood, high water.
What is the role of the collecting duct in the kidney?
Reabsorbs H2O into the bloodstream by osmosis, concentrating urine based on body needs.
What is tubular secretion?
The movement of substances from the blood into the tubule.
What substances are secreted in the distal tubule?
K+, H+, medications.
What is the significance of a salty medulla in the kidney?
It helps maintain osmotic pressure and concentration of solutes in the filtrate.
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli, normally about 90-120 ml/min.
What is the fate of the majority of filtrate produced in the kidneys?
99% is reabsorbed.
What is the function of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Controls the amount of water reabsorbed into the blood at the collecting ducts.
What triggers the release of ADH?
High solute concentration and low blood pressure/volume.
What does cloudy urine indicate?
Possible infection due to presence of dead bacteria and white blood cells.
What could high levels of glucose in urine indicate?
Possible diabetes.
What does the presence of ketones in urine signify?
Could indicate diabetes or problems processing carbohydrates.
What is the normal pH of the body?
7.4.
How do the kidneys help regulate blood pH?
By secreting H+ ions and reabsorbing HCO3- ions.
What is the role of aldosterone in kidney function?
Regulates sodium reabsorption, controlling blood pressure and volume.
What are the four processes in urine formation?
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Water reabsorption
Fill in the blank: The total rate of glomerular filtration is normally about _______ ml per minute.
90-120
What structure takes filtered blood away from the kidney?
Renal vein.
What is the functional unit of the excretory system?
Nephron.
