Unit Three- DNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

How many Rings do pyrimidines have

A

1, 6 member ring

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2
Q

what are the pyrimidines in DNA

A

thymine and cytosine

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3
Q

what are the purines

A

1, 6 member ring fused to a 5 member ring

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4
Q

what are the purines

A

adenine and guanine

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5
Q

What is a nucleotide made of

A

-pentose sugar
-phosphate
-1 base

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6
Q

where does the nitrogenous base connect to the sugar

A

carbon 1

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7
Q

where does the phosphate group bind to the bind to the sugar

A

carbon 5

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8
Q

what does a nucleoside consist of

A

-a sugar
-a base
*no phosphate

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9
Q

how are nucleotides linked together

A

phosphodiester linkages

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10
Q

where do nucleotides link together

A

C3 of the sugar and the phosphate of the next nucleotide

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11
Q

what direction do nucleotides connect in

A

5’ to 3’

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12
Q

how are nucleotides joined together in a double helix

A

hydrogen bonding

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13
Q

what does hydrogen bonding occur between

A

one pyrimidine and one purine

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14
Q

how often does the double helix turn

A

10.5 nucleotides

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15
Q

what is the backbone of the DNA made of

A

alternating sugar and phosphate

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16
Q

what end is the phosphate always attached to

A

the 5’ end

17
Q

what is a basic unit of a chromatin

A

a nucleosome
-compacted DNA

18
Q

what is DNA associated with in eukaryotes

19
Q

what is DNA associated with in prokaryotes

A

DNA is naked

20
Q

what is a nucleosome composed of

A

a segment of DNA wound around a protein core that is composed of histone proteins

21
Q

what is DNAs charge

22
Q

what is the charge of the histone proteins

23
Q

what do nucleosomes coil to form

24
Q

what do solenoids coil to form

A

chromsomes

25
what is a gene
a unit of genetic information
26
what determines the genetic code
order of nucleotides
27
what is cell differentiation
all cells contain the same genetic information but they do not all express the same genes --> cells differentiate by genes that are activated
28
what is an intron area
a non coding area
29
what is an exon area
an area that codes for proteins