Unit Three- Genes & Protein Synthesis Flashcards
definition of genes
sequences of of nucleotides of DNA that direct the production of proteins that determine characteristics or cellular processes
how do genes code
one gene- one polypeptide
discovered by 3 beadle, tatum, and garrod
what are the two processes of protein synthesis
transcription and translation
what happens in protein transcription
-DNA converted to RNA in the nucleus
what happens in protein translation
RNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain on the ribosomes outside the nucleus
what are the 3 types of RNA
-mRNA (messenger)
-tRNA (transfer)
-rRNA (ribosomal)
purpose of mRNA
-messenger between DNA and ribosomes
-made complimentary to DNA
purpose of tRNA
-transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome
-directed by the mRNA
purpose of rRNA
-part of the ribosome
-bonds the amino acid to the polypeptide chain
what creates RNA
RNA polymerase in 5’ to 3’ direction
what is the template strand
the DNA that is being read during protein transcription (read 3’ to 5’)
what is the RNA strand that is created during transcription originally called
the precursor mRNA
why is the precursor mRNA modified and what happens to it
it has to protection so it becomes mRNA which is used to make a protein
where are ribosomes
in the cytosol
what is the first step of protein translation
mRNA associates with a ribosome
