Unit Test Learning and Conditioning Flashcards
Albert Bandura
Conducted the Bobo doll experiment, which demonstrated that aggression is learned by observing and modeling others
Ivan Pavlov
Conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell after repeated pairings with food, thereby discovering classical conditioning
Robert Rescorla
focused on the contingency model of conditioning
B.F. Skinner
the behaviorist most responsible for developing operant conditioning theory
Edward Thorndike
a behaviorist known for the law of effect, which served as the foundation for Skinner’s operant conditioning theory
John B. Watson
founder of the behaviorist school who believed that psychology could only scientifically examine behavior, and not unobservable mental processes. Watson conducted the Little Albert experiment
Edward Tolman
behaviorist who developed the idea of latent learning by conducting experiments in which rats learned to run mazes even when reinforcement was withheld
John Garcia
discovered taste aversion when looking at the impact of radiation on rats. Rats became nauseous from the radiation, but since the taste of water from a plastic bottle was accidentally paired with this radiation, the rats developed an aversion for this water
Learning
a relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience. Learning comes in a number of forms, each of which operates according to distinct principles
Aversive Conditioning
learning involving an unpleasant or harmful stimulus or reinforcer
Law of Effect
the idea that responses that lead to positive effects are repeated, while responses that lead to negative effects are not repeated
Skinner Box
a laboratory apparatus used to study operant conditioning in animals, which typically contains a lever that animals can press to dispense food as reinforcement
Shaping
the process of gradually molding behavior to get a final desired response by reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior
Secondary Reinforcer
a stimulus that individuals have been conditioned to desire through association with a primary reinforcer
Token Reinforcer
any secondary reinforcer that is tangible, such as money or gold stars given by a teacher
