Clinical Psych Unit Test Flashcards
a. Aaron Beck
b. Albert Ellis
c. Joseph Wolpe
a. Created the popular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
b. An early pioneer of cognitive therapy who created rational-emotive behavioral therapy
c. created systematic desensitization, now used to treat phobias
a. Mary Cover Jones
b. Carl Rogers
a. one of the first people to apply classical conditioning techniques to psychological treatment; successfully treated a child’s rabbit phobia by pairing rabbits with a positive stimulus
b. creator of client-centered therapy, the most popular humanistic psychotherapy
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
the diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association, used to categorize and diagnose psychological disorders
a. Medical Model
b. Psychoanalytic Model
a. maintains that abnormal behaviors are symptoms of an underlying disease
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are caused by repressed memories of childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts
a. Humanistic Model
b. Cognitive Model
a. views psychological disorders as temporary impediments to self-actualization that result from unsatisfied needs
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors result from faulty beliefs and maladaptive emotional responses
Biological Model
maintains that psychological disorders result from imbalances in brain chemistry and other biological causes, including heredity and evolution
a. Sociocultural Model
b. Behavioral Model
a. maintains that psychological disorders are culturally specific and caused by a variety of social and cultural factors
b. maintains that abnormal behaviors are the products of learning, just like any other behaviors
what are the 4 D’s
Deviant, Distressing, Dysfunctional, Dangerous
a. Specific Phobia
b. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c. Obsessions
d. Compulsions
a. Intense, irrational fear responses to specific stimuli
b. Compound disorder of thought and behavior
c. are persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that an individual cannot get out of their mind
d. are ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly
a. Schizoid Personality Disorder “Aloof”
b. Schizotypal Personality Disorder “Awkward”
a. Characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
b. Characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities
a. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
b. Borderline Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people’s rights (closely linked to criminal behavior)
b. Characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior
a. Histrionic Personality Disorder
b. Avoidant Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality (dramatic) and attention seeking
b. Characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation/potential rejection, humiliation
a. Dependent Personality Disorder
b. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
a. Characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of
b. Characterized by an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency
a. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
b. Intellectual Disability (ID)
a. Disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
b. Disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder (SDD)
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)
a. Characterized by physical symptoms including pain, and high anxiety in these individuals about having a disease
b. Characterized by a preoccupation with a serious medical or health condition with either no or mild physical (somatic) symptoms such as nausea or dizziness that has persisted for 6 months
a. Conversion Disorder
b. Dissociative Amnesia
a. Characterized by loss of some bodily function without physical damage to the affected organs or their neural connections
b. Loss of memory for a traumatic event or period of time that is too painful for an individual to remember
a. Dopamine Hypothesis
b. Diagnostic Labels
a. High fluctuation of levels of dopamine can be responsible for schizophrenic symptoms
b. the categories of disorders recognized by the DSM, used to diagnose patients
Rosenhan Experiment
Experiment underscoring the way that diagnostic labels can bias people’s perceptions of patients; hospital staff did not recognize that pseudopatients with a diagnosis of mental illness were in fact health
a. Psychotherapy
b. Pharmacological Treatment
a. an ongoing relationship between a patient and a therapist, in which the two discuss the patient’s experiences and symptoms
b. when a mental health professional prescribes a drug for a patient to alleviate psychological distress
a. Systematic Desensitization
b. Aversion Therapy
a. Developed by Joseph Wolpe, a client makes a list of fears and then learns to relax while concentrating on these fears
b. Pairing an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus in the hope that the unwanted behavior will eventually be reduced
a. Gestalt Therapy
b. Cognitive Distortions
a. a humanistic therapy that maintains that psychological distress occurs when patients focus on what could be, rather than on the present moment; developed by Fritz Perls
b. automatic and irrational perceptions of the world that contribute to feelings of anxiety or depression
a. Core Belief
b. Cognitive Restructuring
a. a deeply held belief that guides an individual’s thoughts
b. a cognitive therapy technique that requires patients to challenge irrational beliefs and replace them with more realistic ones
a. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists
b. Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
a. Human emotions and behavior are predominantly generated by ideas, beliefs, attitudes and thinking
b. Developed in 1950s by Albert Ellis, psychological problems arise when thoughts are irrational and lead to behavioral consequences that are distressful
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Researched by Aaron Beck, based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together
a, Resistance “Mental Blocks”
b. Transference
a. The patient’s conscious or unconscious attempt to block disturbing memories, motives, and experiences (sensitive material)
b. The process by which a patient projects or transfers unresolved conflicts and feelings onto the therapist
a. SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
b. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
c. Deep Brian Stimulation
a. blocks the reuptake of serotonin
b. A biological treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient’s forehead
c. an invasive biomedical treatment that delivers electric shocks to the brain directly through an implanted electrode sometimes used for severe OCD
